Carbohydrate metabolism

Dashty M. A quick look at biochemistry: carbohydrate metabolism. Clin Biochem. 2013 Oct;46(15):1339–52. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.027. PMID: 23680095.

Metabolites

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose

Formula: C6H10O5 (162.052821)

CAS ID: 75414-43-6

Acetaldehyde

Formula: C2H4O (44.0262134)

CAS ID: 75-07-0

alpha-D-Galactose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 3646-73-9

beta-D-Galactose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 7296-64-2

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

CO2

Formula: CO2 (43.98983)

CAS ID: 124-38-9

D-Fructose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 57-48-7

D-Glucose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 50-99-7

D-Glyceraldehyde

Formula: C3H6O3 (90.0316926)

CAS ID: 453-17-8

D-Mannose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 3458-28-4

D-Ribose

Formula: C5H10O5 (150.052821)

CAS ID: 50-69-1

D-Sorbitol

Formula: C6H14O6 (182.0790344)

CAS ID: 50-70-4

Fe2+

Formula: Fe (55.934939)

CAS ID: 15438-31-0

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

HCO3-

Formula: HCO3 (60.9925696)

CAS ID: 71-52-3

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Manganese(2+)

Formula: Mn (54.938046)

CAS ID: 7439-96-5

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine

Formula: C8H15NO6 (221.089933)

CAS ID: 14215-68-0

Potassium cation

Formula: K (38.963708)

CAS ID: 24203-36-9

Ribitol

Formula: C5H12O5 (152.06847019999998)

CAS ID: 488-81-3

Succinate

Formula: C4H6O4 (118.0266076)

CAS ID: 110-15-6

Sulfate

Formula: H2SO4 (97.9673812)

CAS ID: 7664-93-9

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

Hebevinoside I

Formula: C44H72O13 (808.4972662)

CAS ID: 87396-30-3

gulonate

Formula: C6H11O7 (195.0504756)

CAS ID: 2002-49-5

D-glucopyranuronate

Formula: C6H9O7 (193.0348264)

CAS ID: 148-00-5

oxaloacetate(2-)

Formula: C4H2O5 (129.9902242)

CAS ID: 149-63-3

2-oxoglutarate(2-)

Formula: C5H4O5 (144.00587339999998)

CAS ID: 64-15-3

acetate

Formula: C2H3O2 (59.0133038)

CAS ID: 71-50-1

pyruvate

Formula: C3H3O3 (87.00821880000001)

CAS ID: 57-60-3

citrate(3-)

Formula: C6H5O7 (189.00352800000002)

CAS ID: 126-44-3

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9

UDP(3-)

Formula: C9H11N2O12P2 (400.9787246)

CAS ID: 86527-70-0

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:

3',5'-cyclic AMP(1-)

Formula: C10H11N5O6P (328.0446936)

CAS ID: 62906-31-4

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8

histaminium

Formula: C5H10N3 (112.087468)

CAS ID: 65592-96-3



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.1.1.-
1.1.1.14 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase L-iditol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
1.1.1.19 glucuronate reductase L-gulonate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
1.1.1.20 glucuronolactone reductase L-gulono-1,4-lactone:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
1.1.1.372 D/L-glyceraldehyde reductase glycerol:NADP+ oxidoreductase (D/L-glyceraldehyde-forming)
1.1.1.45 L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase L-gulonate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
1.1.1.54 allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase allyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
1.1.1.9 D-xylulose reductase xylitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (D-xylulose-forming)
1.2.1.12 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase 4-aminobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
1.2.1.28 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.36 retinal dehydrogenase retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2.4.1.1 glycogen phosphorylase (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
2.4.1.11 glycogen(starch) synthase UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
2.4.1.22 lactose synthase UDP-galactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.225 N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate:N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase
2.4.1.275 neolactotriaosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1beta4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.344 type 2 galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R alpha-(1,2)-L-fucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
2.4.1.38 beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide 4-beta-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.69 type 1 galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase GDP-beta-L-fucose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R alpha-(1,2)-L-fucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
2.4.1.90 N-acetyllactosamine synthase UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
2.7.1.105 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase ATP:beta-D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.11 6-phosphofructokinase ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.147 ADP-specific glucose/glucosamine kinase ADP:D-glucose/D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.17 xylulokinase ATP:D-xylulose 5-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.31 glycerate 3-kinase ATP:D-glycerate 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.6 galactokinase ATP:D-galactose 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.11.1 non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.19 phosphorylase kinase ATP:phosphorylase-b phosphotransferase
2.7.2.3 phosphoglycerate kinase ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.6.1 ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase ATP:D-ribose-5-phosphate diphosphotransferase
2.7.7.9 UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
3.1.3.11 fructose-bisphosphatase D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.46 fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase beta-D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.9 glucose-6-phosphatase D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.2.1.20 alpha-glucosidase alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase
3.2.1.24 alpha-mannosidase alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase
3.2.1.35 hyaluronoglucosaminidase hyaluronate 4-glycanohydrolase
3.5.99.6 glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)
4.1.2.4 deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate acetaldehyde-lyase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-forming)
4.2.1.11 phosphopyruvate hydratase 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)
5.1.3.3 Aldose 1-epimerase Aldose 1-epimerase
5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase alpha-D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase (configuration-inverting)
5.4.2.11 phosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent) D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase (2,3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent)
5.4.2.4 Bisphosphoglycerate mutase 3-Phospho-D-glycerate 1,2-phosphomutase
6.4.1.1 pyruvate carboxylase pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name