Signaling by Nuclear Receptors

Holzer G, Markov GV, Laudet V. Evolution of Nuclear Receptors and Ligand Signaling: Toward a Soft Key-Lock Model? Curr Top Dev Biol. 2017;125():1–38. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.02.003. PMID: 28527568.; Levin ER, Hammes SR. Nuclear receptors outside the nucleus: extranuclear signalling by steroid receptors. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2016 Oct 12;17(12):783–97. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.122.; Schwartz N, Verma A, Bivens CB, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Rapid steroid hormone actions via membrane receptors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 2016 Sep;1863(9):2289–98. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.004.; Simons SS, Edwards DP, Kumar R. Minireview: dynamic structures of nuclear hormone receptors: new promises and challenges. Mol Endocrinol. 2014 Feb;28(2):173–82. PMID: 24284822; PMCID: PMC3896641.; Hah N, Kraus WL. Hormone-regulated transcriptomes: Lessons learned from estrogen signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2014 Jan;382(1):652–64. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.021.; Echeverria PC, Picard D. Molecular chaperones, essential partners of steroid hormone receptors for activity and mobility. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 2010 Jun;1803(6):641–9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.11.012.; Beato M, Chávez S, Truss M. Transcriptional regulation by steroid hormones. Steroids. 1996 Apr;61(4):240–51. doi: 10.1016/0039-128x(96)00030-x. PMID: 8733009.

Metabolites

11-cis-Retinal

Formula: C20H28O (284.2140038)

CAS ID: 564-87-4

11-cis-Retinol

Formula: C20H30O (286.229653)

CAS ID: 22737-96-8

9-cis-Retinal

Formula: C20H28O (284.2140038)

CAS ID: 514-85-2

9-cis-Retinoic acid

Formula: C20H28O2 (300.2089188)

CAS ID: 5300-03-8

all-trans-4-Hydroxyretinoic acid

Formula: C20H28O3 (316.2038338)

CAS ID: 66592-72-1

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

NADP+

Formula: C21H29N7O17P3 (744.0832754)

CAS ID: 53-59-8

NADPH

Formula: C21H30N7O17P3 (745.0911)

CAS ID: 2646-71-1

Nitric oxide

Formula: NO (29.997989)

CAS ID: 10102-43-9

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Potassium cation

Formula: K (38.963708)

CAS ID: 24203-36-9

Progesterone

Formula: C21H30O2 (314.224568)

CAS ID: 57-83-0

Retinal

Formula: C20H28O (284.2140038)

CAS ID: 116-31-4

Retinoate

Formula: C20H28O2 (300.2089188)

CAS ID: 302-79-4

Retinol

Formula: C20H30O (286.229653)

CAS ID: 68-26-8

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

27-Hydroxycholesterol

Formula: C27H46O2 (402.34976159999997)

CAS ID: 20380-11-4

Acitretin

Formula: C21H26O3 (326.1881846)

CAS ID: 55079-83-9

L-argininium(1+)

Formula: C6H15N4O2 (175.119495)

CAS ID: 17806-42-7

9-cis-4-hydroxyretinoic acid

Formula: C20H28O3 (316.2038338)

CAS ID:

dichloroacetate

Formula: C2HCl2O2 (126.93536060000001)

CAS ID: 13425-80-4

pyruvate

Formula: C3H3O3 (87.00821880000001)

CAS ID: 57-60-3

palmitoyl-CoA(4-)

Formula: C37H62N7O17P3S (1001.3135592)

CAS ID: 1763-10-6

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

thiamine(1+) diphosphate(3-)

Formula: C12H16N4O7P2S (422.0214926)

CAS ID:

NADH(2-)

Formula: C21H27N7O14P2 (663.1091182000001)

CAS ID:

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.3.1.-
1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.1.1.105 all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) all-trans retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase 4-aminobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
1.2.1.28 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.36 retinal dehydrogenase retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.4.1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) pyruvate:[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase]-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-acetylating)
1.8.1.4 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase protein-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2.1.1.319 type I protein arginine methyltransferase S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[protein]-L-arginine N-methyltransferase ([protein]-Nomega,Nomega-dimethyl-L-arginine-forming)
2.3.1.12 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase
2.3.1.48 histone acetyltransferase acetyl-CoA:[protein]-L-lysine acetyltransferase
2.7.1.137 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.153 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.91 sphingosine kinase ATP:sphingoid base 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.10.1 receptor protein-tyrosine kinase ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (receptor-type)
2.7.10.2 non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.1 non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.13 protein kinase C ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent)
2.7.11.2 [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase ATP:[pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] phosphotransferase
2.7.11.22 cyclin-dependent kinase ATP:cyclin phosphotransferase
2.7.11.23 [RNA-polymerase]-subunit kinase ATP:[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] phosphotransferase
2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated)
3.5.1.98 histone deacetylase histone amidohydrolase
3.6.4.10 non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerizing)
5.2.1.8 peptidylprolyl isomerase Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase
5.3.99.3 prostaglandin-E synthase (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-Epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate E-isomerase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name