Pathways Knowlegdes

Necessitatibus eius consequatur ex aliquid fuga eum quidem sint consectetur velit

Pathway DOIs Note
superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis

Accession ID: BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY66-5		 -
cholesterol biosynthesis I

Accession ID: BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY66-341		 -
cholesterol biosynthesis I

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY66-341
  • 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2008
  • 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90474-4
  • 10.1016/0039-128x(92)90081-j
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35717-4
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38093-1
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47983-5
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61979-9
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62764-4
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88825-1
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90709-x
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90710-6
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99606-7
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40923-x
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44574-2
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69327-0
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77144-0
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84586-6
  • 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38858-1
  • 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00133-5
  • 10.1021/bi00861a005
  • 10.1021/bi991467t
  • 10.1021/ja020411a
  • 10.1038/343425a0
  • 10.1042/bj3260609
  • 10.1056/nejm199908123410707
  • 10.1073/pnas.112202799
  • 10.1086/323473
  • 10.1093/hmg/ddg072
  • 10.1126/science.150.3692.19
  • 10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.003011
  • 10.1210/me.2002-0436
 Marijanovic Z, Laubner D, Moller G, Gege C, Husen B, Adamski J, Breitling R. Closing the gap: identification of human 3-ketosteroid reductase, the last unknown enzyme of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis. Mol Endocrinol. 2003 Sep;17(9):1715–25. doi: 10.1210/me.2002-0436. PMID: 12829805.; Herman GE. Disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis: prototypic metabolic malformation syndromes. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Apr 01;12 Spec No 1():R75–88. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddg072. PMID: 12668600.; Mo C, Valachovic M, Randall SK, Nickels JT, Bard M. Protein-protein interactions among C-4 demethylation enzymes involved in yeast sterol biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):9739–44. PMID: 12119386; PMCID: PMC124998.; Blagg BS, Jarstfer MB, Rogers DH, Poulter CD. Recombinant squalene synthase. A mechanism for the rearrangement of presqualene diphosphate to squalene. J Am Chem Soc. 2002 Jul 31;124(30):8846–53. doi: 10.1021/ja020411a. PMID: 12137537.; Gaylor JL. Membrane-Bound Enzymes of Cholesterol Synthesis from Lanosterol. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1139–46. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2008.; Waterham HR, Koster J, Romeijn GJ, Hennekam RCM, Vreken P, Andersson HC, FitzPatrick DR, Kelley RI, Wanders RJA. Mutations in the 3ß-Hydroxysterol ?24-Reductase Gene Cause Desmosterolosis, an Autosomal Recessive Disorder of Cholesterol Biosynthesis. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2001 Oct;69(4):685–94. doi: 10.1086/323473.; Vance DE, Van den Bosch H. Cholesterol in the year 2000. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Dec 15;1529(1-3):1–8. doi: 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00133-5. PMID: 11111073.; Taton M, Husselstein T, Benveniste P, Rahier A. Role of highly conserved residues in the reaction catalyzed by recombinant Delta7-sterol-C5(6)-desaturase studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 2000 Feb 01;39(4):701–11. doi: 10.1021/bi991467t. PMID: 10651635.; Knopp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 12;341(7):498–511. doi: 10.1056/nejm199908123410707. PMID: 10441607.; Bae SH, Paik YK. Cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol: development of a novel assay method and characterization of rat liver microsomal lanosterol delta 24-reductase. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 01;326 ( Pt 2)():609–16. PMID: 9291139; PMCID: PMC1218712.; Bloch K. Sterol molecule: structure, biosynthesis, and function. Steroids. 1992 Aug;57(8):378–83. doi: 10.1016/0039-128x(92)90081-j. PMID: 1519268.; Fischer RT, Trzaskos JM, Magolda RL, Ko SS, Brosz CS, Larsen B. Lanosterol 14 alpha-methyl demethylase. Isolation and characterization of the third metabolically generated oxidative demethylation intermediate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1991 Apr;266(10):6124–32. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38093-1.; Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature. 1990 Feb 01;343(6257):425–30. doi: 10.1038/343425a0. PMID: 1967820.; Reinhart MP, Billheimer JT, Faust JR, Gaylor JL. Subcellular localization of the enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism in rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1987 Jul;262(20):9649–55. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47983-5.; Shafiee A, Trzaskos JM, Paik YK, Gaylor JL. Oxidative demethylation of lanosterol in cholesterol biosynthesis: accumulation of sterol intermediates. Journal of Lipid Research. 1986 Nov;27(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38858-1.; Paik YK, Billheimer JT, Magolda RL, Gaylor JL. Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Solubilization and purification of steroid 8-isomerase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1986 May;261(14):6470–7. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84586-6.; Kawata S, Trzaskos JM, Gaylor JL. Affinity chromatography of microsomal enzymes on immobilized detergent-solubilized cytochrome b5. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1986 Mar;261(8):3790–9. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35717-4.; Kawata S, Trzaskos JM, Gaylor JL. Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Purification and characterization of delta 7-sterol 5-desaturase of rat liver microsomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1985 Jun;260(11):6609–17. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88825-1.; Paik YK, Trzaskos JM, Shafiee A, Gaylor JL. Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Characterization, solubilization, and partial purification of NADPH-dependent delta 8,14-steroid 14-reductase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1984 Nov;259(21):13413–23. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90710-6.; Trzaskos JM, Bowen WD, Shafiee A, Fischer RT, Gaylor JL. Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of lanosterol in cholesterol biosynthesis. Microsomal electron transport and C-32 demethylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1984 Nov;259(21):13402–12. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90709-x.; Schroepfer GJ. Sterol biosynthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1982;51():555–85. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.003011. PMID: 6810750.; Billheimer JT, Alcorn M, Gaylor JL. Solubilization and partial purification of a microsomal 3-ketosteroid reductase of cholesterol biosynthesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1981 Oct;211(1):430–8. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90474-4.; Fukushima H, Grinstead GF, Gaylor JL. Total enzymic synthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol. Cytochrome b5-dependence of 4-methyl sterol oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1981 May;256(10):4822–6. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69327-0.; Gaylor JL, Miyake Y, Yamano T. Stoichiometry of 4-methyl sterol oxidase of rat liver microsomes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1975 Sep;250(18):7159–67. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40923-x.; Bechtold MM, Delwiche CV, Comal K, Gaylor JL. Investigation of the component reactions of oxidative sterol demethylation. Role of an endogenous microsomal source of reducing equivalents. J Biol Chem. 1972 Dec 10;247(23):7650–6. PMID: 4404598.; Rahimtula AD, Gaylor JL. Partial purification of a microsomal sterol 4 -carboxylic acid decarboxylase. J Biol Chem. 1972 Jan 10;247(1):9–15. PMID: 4401584.; Miller WL, Brady DR, Gaylor JL. Investigation of the component reactions of oxidative demethylation of sterols. Metabolism of 4 -hydroxymethyl steroids. J Biol Chem. 1971 Aug 25;246(16):5147–53. PMID: 4398294.; Miller WL, Gaylor JL. Investigation of the component reactions of oxidative sterol demethylation. Oxidation of a 4,4-dimethyl sterol to a 4 beta-methyl-4 alpha-carboxylic acid during cholesterol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 1970 Oct 25;245(20):5375–81. PMID: 4394229.; Yamamoto S, Bloch K. Studies on Squalene Epoxidase of Rat Liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1970 Apr;245(7):1670–4. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77144-0.; Miller WL, Kalafer ME, Gaylor JL, Delwiche CV. Investigation of the Component Reactions of Oxidative Sterol Demethylation. Study of the Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes*. Biochemistry. 1967 Sep 01;6(9):2673–8. doi: 10.1021/bi00861a005.; Dean PDG, de Montellano PRO, Bloch K, Corey EJ. A Soluble 2,3-Oxidosqualene Sterol Cyclase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1967 Jun;242(12):3014–5. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99606-7.; Bloch K. The biological synthesis of cholesterol. Science. 1965 Oct 01;150(3692):19–28. doi: 10.1126/science.150.3692.19. PMID: 5319508.
cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)

Accession ID: BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY66-3		 -
cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY66-3
  • 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2008
  • 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50353-2
  • 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38566-7
  • 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41987-x
  • 10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24394-4
  • 10.1021/bi00030a003
  • 10.1042/bj3260609
  • 10.1074/jbc.m600395200
 Megha, Bakht O, London E. Cholesterol precursors stabilize ordinary and ceramide-rich ordered lipid domains (lipid rafts) to different degrees. Implications for the Bloch hypothesis and sterol biosynthesis disorders. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 04;281(31):21903–13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m600395200. PMID: 16735517.; Gaylor JL. Membrane-Bound Enzymes of Cholesterol Synthesis from Lanosterol. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1139–46. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2008.; Bae SH, Paik YK. Cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol: development of a novel assay method and characterization of rat liver microsomal lanosterol delta 24-reductase. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 01;326 ( Pt 2)():609–16. PMID: 9291139; PMCID: PMC1218712.; Trzaskos JM, Ko SS, Magolda RL, Favata MF, Fischer RT, Stam SH, Johnson PR, Gaylor JL. Substrate-based inhibitors of lanosterol 14 alpha-methyl demethylase: I. Assessment of inhibitor structure-activity relationship and cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition properties. Biochemistry. 1995 Aug 01;34(30):9670–6. doi: 10.1021/bi00030a003. PMID: 7626636.; Buttke TM, Folks TM. Complete replacement of membrane cholesterol with 4,4',14-trimethyl sterols in a human T cell line defective in lanosterol demethylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1992 May;267(13):8819–26. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50353-2.; Tuck S, Patel H, Safi E, Robinson C. Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (P45014DM): effects of P45014DM inhibitors on sterol biosynthesis downstream of lanosterol. Journal of Lipid Research. 1991 Jun;32(6):893–902. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41987-x.; Miettinen TA. Cholesterol metabolism during ketoconazole treatment in man. Journal of Lipid Research. 1988 Jan;29(1):43–51. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38566-7.; Kraemer FB, Spilman SD. Effects of ketoconazole on cholesterol synthesis. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1986 Sep;238(3):905–11. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24394-4.
superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY66-5
  • 10.1073/pnas.112202799
 Mo C, Valachovic M, Randall SK, Nickels JT, Bard M. Protein-protein interactions among C-4 demethylation enzymes involved in yeast sterol biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):9739–44. PMID: 12119386; PMCID: PMC124998.
Cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-HVU-1119286
  • 10.1073/pnas.0807675106
  • 10.1126/science.1240230
 Itkin M, Heinig U, Tzfadia O, Bhide AJ, Shinde B, Cardenas PD, Bocobza SE, Unger T, Malitsky S, Finkers R, Tikunov Y, Bovy A, Chikate Y, Singh P, Rogachev I, Beekwilder J, Giri AP, Aharoni A. Biosynthesis of antinutritional alkaloids in solanaceous crops is mediated by clustered genes. Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):175–9. doi: 10.1126/science.1240230. PMID: 23788733.; Ohyama K, Suzuki M, Kikuchi J, Saito K, Muranaka T. Dual biosynthetic pathways to phytosterol via cycloartenol and lanosterol in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009 Jan 20;106(3):725–30. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0807675106.
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-OAU-2744345		 -
Cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-TAE-1119286
  • 10.1073/pnas.0807675106
  • 10.1126/science.1240230
 Itkin M, Heinig U, Tzfadia O, Bhide AJ, Shinde B, Cardenas PD, Bocobza SE, Unger T, Malitsky S, Finkers R, Tikunov Y, Bovy A, Chikate Y, Singh P, Rogachev I, Beekwilder J, Giri AP, Aharoni A. Biosynthesis of antinutritional alkaloids in solanaceous crops is mediated by clustered genes. Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):175–9. doi: 10.1126/science.1240230. PMID: 23788733.; Ohyama K, Suzuki M, Kikuchi J, Saito K, Muranaka T. Dual biosynthetic pathways to phytosterol via cycloartenol and lanosterol in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009 Jan 20;106(3):725–30. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0807675106.
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-MES-2744345		 -
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-TDI-2744345		 -
Fatty acid and lipid metabolism

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-TDI-3906998		 -
Fatty acid and lipid metabolism

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-OGU-3906998		 -
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-PTI-2744345		 -
Cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-PTI-1119286
  • 10.1073/pnas.0807675106
  • 10.1126/science.1240230
 Itkin M, Heinig U, Tzfadia O, Bhide AJ, Shinde B, Cardenas PD, Bocobza SE, Unger T, Malitsky S, Finkers R, Tikunov Y, Bovy A, Chikate Y, Singh P, Rogachev I, Beekwilder J, Giri AP, Aharoni A. Biosynthesis of antinutritional alkaloids in solanaceous crops is mediated by clustered genes. Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):175–9. doi: 10.1126/science.1240230. PMID: 23788733.; Ohyama K, Suzuki M, Kikuchi J, Saito K, Muranaka T. Dual biosynthetic pathways to phytosterol via cycloartenol and lanosterol in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009 Jan 20;106(3):725–30. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0807675106.
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-GMA-2744345		 -
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-PDA-2744345		 -
Metabolism and regulation

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-PVU-2744345		 -
Fatty acid and lipid metabolism

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-PVU-3906998		 -
Fatty acid and lipid metabolism

Accession ID: Plant Reactome:R-BNA-3906998		 -