Pathways Knowlegdes
Necessitatibus eius consequatur ex aliquid fuga eum quidem sint consectetur velit
| Pathway | DOIs | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Metabolism Accession ID: Reactome:R-BTA-1430728 |
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| Metabolism of lipids Accession ID: Reactome:R-BTA-556833 |
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| Bile acid and bile salt metabolism Accession ID: Reactome:R-BTA-194068 |
|
Kullak-Ublick GA, Stieger B, Meier PJ. Enterohepatic bile salt transporters in normal physiology and liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2004 Jan;126(1):322–42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.06.005. PMID: 14699511.; Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Trauner M, Boyer JL. Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr;83(2):633–71. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2002. PMID: 12663868.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013. |
| Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol Accession ID: Reactome:R-BTA-193807 |
|
Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013.; Babiker A, Andersson O, Lindblom D, van der Linden J, Wiklund B, Lütjohann D, Diczfalusy U, Björkhem I. Elimination of cholesterol as cholestenoic acid in human lung by sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence that most of this steroid in the circulation is of pulmonary origin. Journal of Lipid Research. 1999 Aug;40(8):1417–25. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33383-6.; Björkhem I, Andersson O, Diczfalusy U, Sevastik B, Xiu RJ, Duan C, Lund E. Atherosclerosis and sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence for a role of this enzyme in elimination of cholesterol from human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994 Aug 30;91(18):8592–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8592. |
| Phase I - Functionalization of compounds Accession ID: Reactome:R-BTA-211945 |
|
Strolin Benedetti M, Whomsley R, Baltes E. Involvement of enzymes other than CYPs in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 2006 Nov 24;2(6):895–921. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2.6.895.; Guengerich FP. Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity. The AAPS Journal. 2006 Mar 01;8(1):e101–11. doi: 10.1208/aapsj080112.; Danielson PB. The cytochrome P450 superfamily: biochemistry, evolution and drug metabolism in humans. Curr Drug Metab. 2002 Dec;3(6):561–97. doi: 10.2174/1389200023337054. PMID: 12369887. |
| Biological oxidations Accession ID: Reactome:R-CEL-211859 |
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| Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules Accession ID: Reactome:R-CEL-156584 |
|
Gamage N, Barnett A, Hempel N, Duggleby RG, Windmill KF, Martin JL, McManus ME. Human sulfotransferases and their role in chemical metabolism. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):5–22. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj061. PMID: 16322073.; Blanchard RL, Freimuth RR, Buck J, Weinshilboum RM, Coughtrie MW. A proposed nomenclature system for the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) superfamily. Pharmacogenetics. 2004 Mar;14(3):199–211. doi: 10.1097/00008571-200403000-00009. PMID: 15167709.; Strott CA. Sulfonation and molecular action. Endocr Rev. 2002 Oct;23(5):703–32. doi: 10.1210/er.2001-0040. PMID: 12372849.; Glatt H. Sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Dec 01;129(1-2):141–70. doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00202-7. PMID: 11154739.; Yamazoe Y, Nagata K, Yoshinari K, Fujita K, Shiraga T, Iwasaki K. Sulfotransferase catalyzing sulfation of heterocyclic amines. Cancer Lett. 1999 Sep 01;143(2):103–7. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00136-6. PMID: 10503886.; Weinshilboum RM, Otterness DM, Aksoy IA, Wood TC, Her C, Raftogianis RB. Sulfation and sulfotransferases 1: Sulfotransferase molecular biology: cDNAs and genes. FASEB J. 1997 Jan;11(1):3–14. PMID: 9034160. |
| Metabolism Accession ID: Reactome:R-CFA-1430728 |
- | |
| Metabolism of lipids Accession ID: Reactome:R-CFA-556833 |
- | |
| Bile acid and bile salt metabolism Accession ID: Reactome:R-CFA-194068 |
|
Kullak-Ublick GA, Stieger B, Meier PJ. Enterohepatic bile salt transporters in normal physiology and liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2004 Jan;126(1):322–42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.06.005. PMID: 14699511.; Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Trauner M, Boyer JL. Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr;83(2):633–71. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2002. PMID: 12663868.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013. |
| Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol Accession ID: Reactome:R-CFA-193807 |
|
Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013.; Babiker A, Andersson O, Lindblom D, van der Linden J, Wiklund B, Lütjohann D, Diczfalusy U, Björkhem I. Elimination of cholesterol as cholestenoic acid in human lung by sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence that most of this steroid in the circulation is of pulmonary origin. Journal of Lipid Research. 1999 Aug;40(8):1417–25. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33383-6.; Björkhem I, Andersson O, Diczfalusy U, Sevastik B, Xiu RJ, Duan C, Lund E. Atherosclerosis and sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence for a role of this enzyme in elimination of cholesterol from human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994 Aug 30;91(18):8592–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8592. |
| Endogenous sterols Accession ID: Reactome:R-CFA-211976 |
|
Pikuleva IA. Cytochrome P450s and cholesterol homeostasis. Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Dec;112(3):761–73. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.05.014. PMID: 16872679.; Guengerich FP. Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity. The AAPS Journal. 2006 Mar 01;8(1):e101–11. doi: 10.1208/aapsj080112.; Lewis DF. 57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450. Pharmacogenomics. 2004 Apr;5(3):305–18. doi: 10.1517/phgs.5.3.305.29827. PMID: 15102545. |
| Phase II - Conjugation of compounds Accession ID: Reactome:R-CFA-156580 |
|
McCarver DG, Hines RN. The Ontogeny of Human Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Phase II Conjugation Enzymes and Regulatory Mechanisms. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2002 Feb;300(2):361–6. doi: 10.1124/jpet.300.2.361. |
| Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type Accession ID: Reactome:R-DRE-211897 |
|
Guengerich FP. Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity. The AAPS Journal. 2006 Mar 01;8(1):e101–11. doi: 10.1208/aapsj080112.; Lewis DF. 57 varieties: the human cytochromes P450. Pharmacogenomics. 2004 Apr;5(3):305–18. doi: 10.1517/phgs.5.3.305.29827. PMID: 15102545.; Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SM, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW. Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants. Pharmacogenetics. 2004 Jan;14(1):1–18. doi: 10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001. PMID: 15128046.; Danielson PB. The cytochrome P450 superfamily: biochemistry, evolution and drug metabolism in humans. Curr Drug Metab. 2002 Dec;3(6):561–97. doi: 10.2174/1389200023337054. PMID: 12369887. |
| Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules Accession ID: Reactome:R-DRE-156584 |
|
Gamage N, Barnett A, Hempel N, Duggleby RG, Windmill KF, Martin JL, McManus ME. Human sulfotransferases and their role in chemical metabolism. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):5–22. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj061. PMID: 16322073.; Blanchard RL, Freimuth RR, Buck J, Weinshilboum RM, Coughtrie MW. A proposed nomenclature system for the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) superfamily. Pharmacogenetics. 2004 Mar;14(3):199–211. doi: 10.1097/00008571-200403000-00009. PMID: 15167709.; Strott CA. Sulfonation and molecular action. Endocr Rev. 2002 Oct;23(5):703–32. doi: 10.1210/er.2001-0040. PMID: 12372849.; Glatt H. Sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Dec 01;129(1-2):141–70. doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00202-7. PMID: 11154739.; Yamazoe Y, Nagata K, Yoshinari K, Fujita K, Shiraga T, Iwasaki K. Sulfotransferase catalyzing sulfation of heterocyclic amines. Cancer Lett. 1999 Sep 01;143(2):103–7. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00136-6. PMID: 10503886.; Weinshilboum RM, Otterness DM, Aksoy IA, Wood TC, Her C, Raftogianis RB. Sulfation and sulfotransferases 1: Sulfotransferase molecular biology: cDNAs and genes. FASEB J. 1997 Jan;11(1):3–14. PMID: 9034160. |
| Bile acid and bile salt metabolism Accession ID: Reactome:R-GGA-194068 |
|
Kullak-Ublick GA, Stieger B, Meier PJ. Enterohepatic bile salt transporters in normal physiology and liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2004 Jan;126(1):322–42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.06.005. PMID: 14699511.; Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Trauner M, Boyer JL. Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr;83(2):633–71. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2002. PMID: 12663868.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013. |
| Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol Accession ID: Reactome:R-GGA-193807 |
|
Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013.; Babiker A, Andersson O, Lindblom D, van der Linden J, Wiklund B, Lütjohann D, Diczfalusy U, Björkhem I. Elimination of cholesterol as cholestenoic acid in human lung by sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence that most of this steroid in the circulation is of pulmonary origin. Journal of Lipid Research. 1999 Aug;40(8):1417–25. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33383-6.; Björkhem I, Andersson O, Diczfalusy U, Sevastik B, Xiu RJ, Duan C, Lund E. Atherosclerosis and sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence for a role of this enzyme in elimination of cholesterol from human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994 Aug 30;91(18):8592–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8592. |
| Phase II - Conjugation of compounds Accession ID: Reactome:R-GGA-156580 |
|
McCarver DG, Hines RN. The Ontogeny of Human Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Phase II Conjugation Enzymes and Regulatory Mechanisms. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2002 Feb;300(2):361–6. doi: 10.1124/jpet.300.2.361. |
| Bile acid and bile salt metabolism Accession ID: Reactome:R-HSA-194068 |
|
Kullak-Ublick GA, Stieger B, Meier PJ. Enterohepatic bile salt transporters in normal physiology and liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2004 Jan;126(1):322–42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.06.005. PMID: 14699511.; Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Trauner M, Boyer JL. Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr;83(2):633–71. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2002. PMID: 12663868.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013. |
| Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol Accession ID: Reactome:R-HSA-193807 |
|
Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72():137–74. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712. PMID: 12543708.; Javitt NB. Cholesterol, Hydroxycholesterols, and Bile Acids. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2002 Apr;292(5):1147–53. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.2013.; Babiker A, Andersson O, Lindblom D, van der Linden J, Wiklund B, Lütjohann D, Diczfalusy U, Björkhem I. Elimination of cholesterol as cholestenoic acid in human lung by sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence that most of this steroid in the circulation is of pulmonary origin. Journal of Lipid Research. 1999 Aug;40(8):1417–25. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33383-6.; Björkhem I, Andersson O, Diczfalusy U, Sevastik B, Xiu RJ, Duan C, Lund E. Atherosclerosis and sterol 27-hydroxylase: evidence for a role of this enzyme in elimination of cholesterol from human macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994 Aug 30;91(18):8592–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8592. |