flavonoid biosynthesis

Xu F, Li L, Zhang W, Cheng H, Sun N, Cheng S, Wang Y. Isolation, characterization, and function analysis of a flavonol synthase gene from Ginkgo biloba. Molecular Biology Reports. 2011 Jun 05;39(3):2285–96. doi: 10.1007/s11033-011-0978-9.; Lukacin R, Wellmann F, Britsch L, Martens S, Matern U. Flavonol synthase from Citrus unshiu is a bifunctional dioxygenase. Phytochemistry. 2003 Feb;62(3):287–92. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00567-8. PMID: 12620339.; Wellmann F, Lukacin R, Moriguchi T, Britsch L, Schiltz E, Matern U. Functional expression and mutational analysis of flavonol synthase from Citrus unshiu. European Journal of Biochemistry. 2002 Aug;269(16):4134–42. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03108.x.; Winkel-Shirley B. Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):485–93. PMID: 11402179; PMCID: PMC1540115.; Burbulis IE, Winkel-Shirley B. Interactions among enzymes of the Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12929–34. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12929.; Veit M, Pauli GF. Major flavonoids from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. J Nat Prod. 1999 Sep;62(9):1301–3. doi: 10.1021/np990080o. PMID: 10514319.

Metabolites

CO2

Formula: CO2 (43.98983)

CAS ID: 124-38-9

Dihydrokaempferol

Formula: C15H12O6 (288.06338519999997)

CAS ID: 480-20-6

Diphosphate

Formula: H4P2O7 (177.9432294)

CAS ID: 2466-09-3

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Isoliquiritigenin

Formula: C15H12O4 (256.0735552)

CAS ID: 961-29-5

Naringenin

Formula: C15H12O5 (272.0684702)

CAS ID: 480-41-1

Naringenin chalcone

Formula: C15H12O5 (272.0684702)

CAS ID: 25515-46-2

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Sucrose

Formula: C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

CAS ID: 57-50-1

Salicylates

Formula: C7H5O3 (137.023868)

CAS ID: 63-36-5

2-oxoglutarate(2-)

Formula: C5H4O5 (144.00587339999998)

CAS ID: 64-15-3

succinate(2-)

Formula: C4H4O4 (116.01095839999999)

CAS ID: 56-14-4

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
6.2.1.-
1.14.11.9 flavanone 3-dioxygenase (2S)-flavan-4-one,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
1.14.20.6 flavonol synthase dihydroflavonol,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
2.3.1.74 chalcone synthase malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
5.5.1.6 chalcone isomerase flavanone lyase (decyclizing)
6.2.1.12 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
6.2.1.34 trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase ferulate:CoASH ligase (ATP-hydrolysing)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name