Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis

Orsó E, Grandl M, Schmitz G. Oxidized LDL-induced endolysosomal phospholipidosis and enzymatically modified LDL-induced foam cell formation determine specific lipid species modulation in human macrophages. Chem Phys Lipids. 2011 Sep;164(6):479–87. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.001. PMID: 21683693.; Scherer M, Schmitz G. Metabolism, function and mass spectrometric analysis of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and cardiolipin. Chem Phys Lipids. 2011 Sep;164(6):556–62. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.007. PMID: 21704024.; Hermansson M, Hokynar K, Somerharju P. Mechanisms of glycerophospholipid homeostasis in mammalian cells. Prog Lipid Res. 2011 Jul;50(3):240–57. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.02.004. PMID: 21382416.; Osman C, Voelker DR, Langer T. Making heads or tails of phospholipids in mitochondria. J Cell Biol. 2011 Jan 10;192(1):7–16. PMID: 21220505; PMCID: PMC3019561.; Lev S. Non-vesicular lipid transport by lipid-transfer proteins and beyond. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2010 Sep 08;11(10):739–50. doi: 10.1038/nrm2971.; Lebiedzinska M, Szabadkai G, Jones AWE, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR. Interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plasma membrane and other subcellular organelles. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2009 Oct;41(10):1805–16. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.02.017.

Metabolites

Acetaldehyde

Formula: C2H4O (44.0262134)

CAS ID: 75-07-0

Acetylcholine

Formula: C7H16NO2 (146.1180976)

CAS ID: 51-84-3

Ammonia

Formula: NH3 (17.0265478)

CAS ID: 7664-41-7

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

CDP-choline

Formula: C14H26N4O11P2 (488.10732659999996)

CAS ID: 987-78-0

Choline

Formula: C5H14NO (104.10753340000001)

CAS ID: 62-49-7

Ethanolamine phosphate

Formula: C2H8NO4P (141.0190938)

CAS ID: 1071-23-4

Glycerol

Formula: C3H8O3 (92.0473418)

CAS ID: 56-81-5

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

myo-Inositol

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 87-89-8

Sodium cation

Formula: Na (22.98977)

CAS ID: 17341-25-2

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

Glycerophosphocholine

Formula: C8H20NO6P (257.102819)

CAS ID: 28319-77-9

sn-glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine

Formula: C5H14NO6P (215.0558714)

CAS ID: 59734-15-5

1-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate

Formula: C17H35O7P (382.21202900000003)

CAS ID: 65446-07-3

Glycerol 1-myristate

Formula: C17H34O4 (302.2456964)

CAS ID: 27214-38-6

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

NADH(2-)

Formula: C21H27N7O14P2 (663.1091182000001)

CAS ID:

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)

Formula: C3H7O6P (169.9980252)

CAS ID:

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.3.1.-
1.1.1.211 long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase long-chain-(S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.1.1.8 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
1.1.5.3 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase sn-glycerol 3-phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase
2.1.1.17 phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
2.1.1.71 phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
2.3.1.15 glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.155 acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase myristoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
2.3.1.16 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2.3.1.20 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.23 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.25 plasmalogen synthase acyl-CoA:1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.42 glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.51 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.6 choline O-acetyltransferase acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
2.3.1.67 1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acetyltransferase acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acetyltransferase
2.3.1.75 long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:long-chain-alcohol O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.76 retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
2.7.1.107 diacylglycerol kinase (ATP) ATP:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.138 ceramide kinase ATP:ceramide 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.32 choline kinase ATP:choline phosphotransferase
2.7.1.82 ethanolamine kinase ATP:ethanolamine O-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.94 acylglycerol kinase ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.7.14 ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase CTP:ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
2.7.7.15 choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
2.7.7.41 phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase CTP:phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase
2.7.8.1 ethanolaminephosphotransferase CDP-ethanolamine:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase
2.7.8.11 CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol:myo-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
2.7.8.2 diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase CDP-choline:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase
2.7.8.22 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase CDP-choline:1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase
2.7.8.29 L-serine-phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidyltransferase L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine:L-serine phosphatidyltransferase
2.7.8.41 cardiolipin synthase (CMP-forming) CDP-diacylglycerol:L-1-phosphatidyl-glycerol diacylglycerolphosphotransferase (CMP-forming)
3.1.1.111 phosphatidylserine sn-1 acylhydrolase 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine sn-1 acylhydrolase
3.1.1.118 phospholipid sn-1 acylhydrolase phospholipid sn-1 acylhydrolase
3.1.1.23 acylglycerol lipase glycerol-ester acylhydrolase
3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
3.1.1.32 phospholipase A1 phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase
3.1.1.4 phospholipase A2 phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
3.1.1.5 lysophospholipase 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase
3.1.3.2 acid phosphatase phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum)
3.1.3.21 glycerol-1-phosphatase glycerol-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.4 phosphatidate phosphatase diacylglycerol-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.48 protein-tyrosine-phosphatase protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.75 phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase phosphoethanolamine phosphohydrolase
3.3.2.2 lysoplasmalogenase lysoplasmalogen aldehydohydrolase
4.2.1.17 enoyl-CoA hydratase (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase
4.2.3.2 ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase ethanolamine-phosphate phosphate-lyase (deaminating; acetaldehyde-forming)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name