Signaling Pathways
Avraham R, Yarden Y. Feedback regulation of EGFR signalling: decision making by early and delayed loops. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2011 Jan 21;12(2):104–17. doi: 10.1038/nrm3048.; Citi S, Spadaro D, Schneider Y, Stutz J, Pulimeno P. Regulation of small GTPases at epithelial cell-cell junctions. Mol Membr Biol. 2011 Oct;28(7-8):427–44. doi: 10.3109/09687688.2011.603101. PMID: 21781017.; Ritter SL, Hall RA. Fine-tuning of GPCR activity by receptor-interacting proteins. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2009 Dec;10(12):819–30. doi: 10.1038/nrm2803.; Miyazono K, Kamiya Y, Morikawa M. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal transduction. Journal of Biochemistry. 2009 Sep 17;147(1):35–51. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvp148.; Kang JS, Liu C, Derynck R. New regulatory mechanisms of TGF-beta receptor function. Trends Cell Biol. 2009 Aug;19(8):385–94. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.05.008. PMID: 19648010.; MacDonald BT, Tamai K, He X. Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling: Components, Mechanisms, and Diseases. Developmental Cell. 2009 Jul;17(1):9–26. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.06.016.; Angers S, Moon RT. Proximal events in Wnt signal transduction. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2009 Jun 17;10(7):468–77. doi: 10.1038/nrm2717.; Rosenbaum DM, Rasmussen SG, Kobilka BK. The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):356–63. PMID: 19458711; PMCID: PMC3967846.; Kopan R, Ilagan MX. The canonical Notch signaling pathway: unfolding the activation mechanism. Cell. 2009 Apr 17;137(2):216–33. PMID: 19379690; PMCID: PMC2827930.; Andrae J, Gallini R, Betsholtz C. Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine. Genes Dev. 2008 May 15;22(10):1276–312. PMID: 18483217; PMCID: PMC2732412.; Oldham WM, Hamm HE. Heterotrimeric G protein activation by G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2008 Jan;9(1):60–71. doi: 10.1038/nrm2299.; Manning BD, Cantley LC. AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstream. Cell. 2007 Jun 29;129(7):1261–74. PMID: 17604717; PMCID: PMC2756685.; McKay MM, Morrison DK. Integrating signals from RTKs to ERK/MAPK. Oncogene. 2007 May 14;26(22):3113–21. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210394. PMID: 17496910.; Hehlgans S, Haase M, Cordes N. Signalling via integrins: Implications for cell survival and anticancer strategies. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 2007 Jan;1775(1):163–80. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.09.001.; Reichardt LF. Neurotrophin-regulated signalling pathways. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006 Sep 29;361(1473):1545–64. PMID: 16939974; PMCID: PMC1664664.; Patterson RL, van Rossum DB, Nikolaidis N, Gill DL, Snyder SH. Phospholipase C-gamma: diverse roles in receptor-mediated calcium signaling. Trends Biochem Sci. 2005 Dec;30(12):688–97. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2005.10.005. PMID: 16260143.; Eswarakumar VP, Lax I, Schlessinger J. Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Apr;16(2):139–49. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.01.001. PMID: 15863030.; Wellbrock C, Karasarides M, Marais R. The RAF proteins take centre stage. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2004 Nov;5(11):875–85. doi: 10.1038/nrm1498.; Xie K, Wei D, Shi Q, Huang S. Constitutive and inducible expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2004 Oct;15(5):297–324. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.04.003. PMID: 15450248.; Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):799–806. doi: 10.1038/414799a. PMID: 11742412.
Metabolites
Enzyme
| EC Number | name | full name | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.-.-.- | |||
| 1.2.4.1 | pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) | pyruvate:[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase]-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-acetylating) | |
| 1.6.2.4 | NADPH-hemoprotein reductase | NADPH:hemoprotein oxidoreductase | |
| 1.8.1.4 | dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase | protein-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase | |
| 2.3.1.12 | dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase | acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase | |
| 2.3.1.48 | histone acetyltransferase | acetyl-CoA:[protein]-L-lysine acetyltransferase | |
| 2.5.1.58 | protein farnesyltransferase | farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase | |
| 2.5.1.59 | protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I | geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase | |
| 2.7.1.137 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase | ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.1.68 | 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase | ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.11.1 | non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase | ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) | |
| 2.7.11.11 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase | ATP:protein Ser/Thr-phosphotransferase (3',5'-cAMP-dependent) | |
| 2.7.11.2 | [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase | ATP:[pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] phosphotransferase | |
| 2.7.11.24 | mitogen-activated protein kinase | ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) | |
| 2.7.7.6 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase | nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) | |
| 3.1.1.23 | acylglycerol lipase | glycerol-ester acylhydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.4 | phosphatidate phosphatase | diacylglycerol-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.1.3.48 | protein-tyrosine-phosphatase | protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.6.1.75 | diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase | |
| 3.6.4.13 | RNA helicase | ||
| 4.6.1.1 | adenylate cyclase | ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) | |
| 5.2.1.8 | peptidylprolyl isomerase | Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase |
Proteins
| Protein ID | name | full name |
|---|---|---|
| O00087 | dld1 | Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial |
| O13453 | pmp1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase pmp1 |
| O13782 | cpp1 | Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta |
| O13822 | pbr1 | Uncharacterized oxidoreductase pbr1 |
| O13853 | its3 | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase its3 |
| O14293 | YF19_SCHPO | Putative aldehyde dehydrogenase-like protein C9E9.09c |
| O42900 | vps15 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase vps15 |
| O42993 | fkh1 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase |
| O59781 | gem1 | Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 |
| O59816 | lat1 | Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial |
| O60052 | cwp1 | Protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha |
| O74448 | pin1 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase pin1 |
| O74544 | gtr2 | GTP-binding protein gtr2 |
| O74824 | gtr1 | GTP-binding protein gtr1 |
| O94305 | mgl1 | Putative monoglyceride lipase |
| O94363 | rhb1 | GTP-binding protein rhb1 |
| P06652 | cdc25 | M-phase inducer phosphatase |
| P14605 | cyr1 | Adenylate cyclase |
| P24782 | dbp2 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase dbp2 |
| P36587 | ccr1 | NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase |
| P36594 | rpb1 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit rpb1 |
| P40376 | pka1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit |
| P50520 | pik3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pik3 |
| P50527 | shk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase shk1/pak1 |
| P50530 | sck1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase sck1 |
| Q02061 | rpb2 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 |
| Q09171 | pdb1 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial |
| Q09175 | krp1 | Dibasic-processing endoprotease |
| Q09892 | sty1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase sty1 |
| Q10489 | pda1 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, mitochondrial |
| Q12701 | ksg1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ksg1 |
| Q12706 | psk1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase psk1 |
| Q92398 | spm1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase spm1 |
| Q9P6P9 | pkp1 | [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase, mitochondrial |
| Q9P7H1 | clp1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase CDC14 homolog |
| Q9URW9 | YLX7_SCHPO | Putative aldehyde dehydrogenase-like protein C922.07c |
| Q9UUA6 | dpp1 | Probable diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase 1 |
| Q9UUK2 | gcn5 | Histone acetyltransferase gcn5 |
| Q9Y7K2 | tor2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase tor2 |