GPCR downstream signalling

Ritter SL, Hall RA. Fine-tuning of GPCR activity by receptor-interacting proteins. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2009 Dec;10(12):819–30. doi: 10.1038/nrm2803.; Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. Rich Tapestry of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Regulatory Mechanisms. Molecular Pharmacology. 2008 Aug;74(2):312–6. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.049015.; Smrcka AV. G protein ß? subunits: Central mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2008 May 19;65(14):2191–214. doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8006-5.; Soundararajan M, Willard FS, Kimple AJ, Turnbull AP, Ball LJ, Schoch GA, Gileadi C, Fedorov OY, Dowler EF, Higman VA, Hutsell SQ, Sundström M, Doyle DA, Siderovski DP. Structural diversity in the RGS domain and its interaction with heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 29;105(17):6457–62. PMID: 18434541; PMCID: PMC2359823.; Luttrell LM. Reviews in molecular biology and biotechnology: transmembrane signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Mol Biotechnol. 2008 Jul;39(3):239–64. doi: 10.1007/s12033-008-9031-1. PMID: 18240029.; Kristiansen K. Molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, signaling, and regulation within the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors: molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches to receptor structure and function. Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul;103(1):21–80. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.05.002. PMID: 15251227.; Azzi M, Charest PG, Angers S, Rousseau G, Kohout T, Bouvier M, Piñeyro G. Beta-arrestin-mediated activation of MAPK by inverse agonists reveals distinct active conformations for G protein-coupled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 30;100(20):11406–11. PMID: 13679574; PMCID: PMC208770.; Dessauer CW, Chen-Goodspeed M, Chen J. Mechanism of Galpha i-mediated inhibition of type V adenylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 09;277(32):28823–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m203962200. PMID: 12058044.; Neves SR, Ram PT, Iyengar R. G protein pathways. Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1636–9. doi: 10.1126/science.1071550. PMID: 12040175.; Tesmer JJ, Sunahara RK, Gilman AG, Sprang SR. Crystal structure of the catalytic domains of adenylyl cyclase in a complex with Gsalpha.GTPgammaS. Science. 1997 Dec 12;278(5345):1907–16. doi: 10.1126/science.278.5345.1907. PMID: 9417641.

Metabolites

(S)-Lactate

Formula: C3H6O3 (90.0316926)

CAS ID: 79-33-4

2-Arachidonoylglycerol

Formula: C23H38O4 (378.2769948)

CAS ID: 53847-30-6

Acetylcholine

Formula: C7H16NO2 (146.1180976)

CAS ID: 51-84-3

Adenosine

Formula: C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)

CAS ID: 58-61-7

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

Fe2+

Formula: Fe (55.934939)

CAS ID: 15438-31-0

Glycerol

Formula: C3H8O3 (92.0473418)

CAS ID: 56-81-5

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Manganese(2+)

Formula: Mn (54.938046)

CAS ID: 7439-96-5

Melatonin

Formula: C13H16N2O2 (232.1211716)

CAS ID: 73-31-4

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

N-Arachidonoylglycine

Formula: C22H35NO3 (361.26168000000007)

CAS ID: 179113-91-8

PC O-18:0/2:0

Formula: C28H58NO7P (551.3950688)

CAS ID: 74389-69-8

2-oxoglutarate(2-)

Formula: C5H4O5 (144.00587339999998)

CAS ID: 64-15-3

succinate(2-)

Formula: C4H4O4 (116.01095839999999)

CAS ID: 56-14-4

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

UDP(3-)

Formula: C9H11N2O12P2 (400.9787246)

CAS ID: 86527-70-0

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:

3',5'-cyclic AMP(1-)

Formula: C10H11N5O6P (328.0446936)

CAS ID: 62906-31-4

histaminium

Formula: C5H10N3 (112.087468)

CAS ID: 65592-96-3



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.7.1.137 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.1.153 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.11.1 non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.11 cAMP-dependent protein kinase ATP:protein Ser/Thr-phosphotransferase (3',5'-cAMP-dependent)
2.7.11.15 beta-adrenergic-receptor kinase ATP:[beta-adrenergic receptor] phosphotransferase
2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated)
3.1.1.4 phospholipase A2 phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
3.1.1.5 lysophospholipase 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase
3.1.3.16 protein-serine/threonine phosphatase protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.4.17 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase
3.6.5.2 small monomeric GTPase GTP phosphohydrolase (cell-regulating)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name