galactose degradation I (Leloir pathway)

Barupal DK, Lee SJ, Karoly ED, Adhya S. Inactivation of Metabolic Genes Causes Short- and Long-Range dys-Regulation in Escherichia coli Metabolic Network. PLoS ONE. 2013 Dec 05;8(12):e78360. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078360.; Lee SJ, Trostel A, Le P, Harinarayanan R, Fitzgerald PC, Adhya S. Cellular stress created by intermediary metabolite imbalances. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 17;106(46):19515–20. PMID: 19887636; PMCID: PMC2780772.; Frey PA. The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. The FASEB Journal. 1996 Mar;10(4):461–70. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.10.4.8647345.

Metabolites

alpha-D-Galactose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 3646-73-9

beta-D-Galactose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 7296-64-2

D-Mannose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 3458-28-4

Diphosphate

Formula: H4P2O7 (177.9432294)

CAS ID: 2466-09-3

Fe2+

Formula: Fe (55.934939)

CAS ID: 15438-31-0

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Mercaptoethanol

Formula: C2H6OS (78.0139346)

CAS ID: 60-24-2

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.7.1.6 galactokinase ATP:D-galactose 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.7.12 UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UDP-glucose:alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
2.7.7.9 UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
5.1.3.2 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
5.1.3.3 Aldose 1-epimerase Aldose 1-epimerase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name
P09147 galE UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
P09148 galT Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
P0A6T3 galK Galactokinase
P0A9C3 galM Aldose 1-epimerase
P0AEP3 galU UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase