choline biosynthesis I
Rontein D, Rhodes D, Hanson AD. Evidence from engineering that decarboxylation of free serine is the major source of ethanolamine moieties in plants. Plant Cell Physiol. 2003 Nov;44(11):1185–91. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcg144. PMID: 14634155.; Mou Z, Wang X, Fu Z, Dai Y, Han C, Ouyang J, Bao F, Hu Y, Li J. Silencing of Phosphoethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Results in Temperature-Sensitive Male Sterility and Salt Hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2002 Aug 23;14(9):2031–43. doi: 10.1105/tpc.001701.; Rontein D, Nishida I, Tashiro G, Yoshioka K, Wu W, Voelker DR, Basset G, Hanson AD. Plants Synthesize Ethanolamine by Direct Decarboxylation of Serine Using a Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001 Sep;276(38):35523–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m106038200.; McNeil SD, Nuccio ML, Ziemak MJ, Hanson AD. Enhanced synthesis of choline and glycine betaine in transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress phosphoethanolamine N -methyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001 Jul 31;98(17):10001–5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.171228998.; Nuccio ML, Ziemak MJ, Henry SA, Weretilnyk EA, Hanson AD. cDNA cloning of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase from spinach by complementation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 12;275(19):14095–101. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.19.14095. PMID: 10799484.; McNeil SD, Nuccio ML, Rhodes D, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD. Radiotracer and computer modeling evidence that phospho-base methylation is the main route of choline synthesis in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 2000 May;123(1):371–80. PMID: 10806254; PMCID: PMC59011.; Weretilnyk EA, Smith DD, Wilch GA, Summers PS. Enzymes of Choline Synthesis in Spinach (Response of Phospho-Base N-Methyltransferase Activities to Light and Salinity). Plant Physiol. 1995 Nov;109(3):1085–91. PMID: 12228655; PMCID: PMC161412.; Summers PS, Weretilnyk EA. Choline Synthesis in Spinach in Relation to Salt Stress. Plant Physiol. 1993 Dec;103(4):1269–76. PMID: 12232019; PMCID: PMC159115.