Signaling by Rho GTPases

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Systems analysis of RhoGEF and RhoGAP regulatory proteins reveals spatially organized RAC1 signalling from integrin adhesions. Nat Cell Biol. 2020 Apr;22(4):498–511. doi: 10.1038/s41556-020-0488-x. PMID: 32203420.; Bagci H, Sriskandarajah N, Robert A, Boulais J, Elkholi IE, Tran V, Lin ZY, Thibault MP, Dubé N, Faubert D, Hipfner DR, Gingras AC, Côté JF. Mapping the proximity interaction network of the Rho-family GTPases reveals signalling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Nat Cell Biol. 2020 Jan;22(1):120–34. doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0438-7. PMID: 31871319.; Zhang X, Fang J, Chen S, Wang W, Meng S, Liu B. Nonconserved miR-608 suppresses prostate cancer progression through RAC2/PAK4/LIMK1 and BCL2L1/caspase-3 pathways by targeting the 3'-UTRs of RAC2/BCL2L1 and the coding region of PAK4. Cancer Med. 2019 Sep;8(12):5716–34. PMID: 31389670; PMCID: PMC6746107.; Budnar S, Husain KB, Gomez GA, Naghibosadat M, Varma A, Verma S, Hamilton NA, Morris RG, Yap AS. Anillin Promotes Cell Contractility by Cyclic Resetting of RhoA Residence Kinetics. Dev Cell. 2019 Jun 17;49(6):894–906.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.031. PMID: 31105010.; Kalpachidou T, Spiecker L, Kress M, Quarta S. Rho GTPases in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Peripheral Sensory Neurons. Cells. 2019 Jun 15;8(6). PMID: 31208035; PMCID: PMC6627758.; Kukimoto-Niino M, Tsuda K, Ihara K, Mishima-Tsumagari C, Honda K, Ohsawa N, Shirouzu M. Structural Basis for the Dual Substrate Specificity of DOCK7 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor. Structure. 2019 May 07;27(5):741–748.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2019.02.001. PMID: 30853411.; Blom M, Reis K, Aspenström P. RhoD localization and function is dependent on its GTP/GDP-bound state and unique N-terminal motif. European Journal of Cell Biology. 2018 Aug;97(6):393–401. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.05.003.; Chan Wah Hak L, Khan S, Di Meglio I, Law A, Lucken-Ardjomande Häsler S, Quintaneiro LM, Ferreira APA, Krause M, McMahon HT, Boucrot E. FBP17 and CIP4 recruit SHIP2 and lamellipodin to prime the plasma membrane for fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis. Nature Cell Biology. 2018 Jul 30;20(9):1023–31. doi: 10.1038/s41556-018-0146-8.; Ozdemir ES, Jang H, Gursoy A, Keskin O, Li Z, Sacks DB, Nussinov R. Unraveling the molecular mechanism of interactions of the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 with the scaffolding protein IQGAP2. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2018 Mar;293(10):3685–99. doi: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001596.; Zhou H, Cai L, Zhang X, Li A, Miao Y, Li Q, Qiu X, Wang E. ARHGEF39 promotes tumor progression via activation of Rac1/P38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling and predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Laboratory Investigation. 2018 Jan 30;98(5):670–81. doi: 10.1038/s41374-018-0022-y.; Hodge RG, Ridley AJ. Regulation and functions of RhoU and RhoV. Small GTPases. 2017 Nov 30;11(1):8–15. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1362495.; Chen A, Arora PD, McCulloch CA, Wilde A. Cytokinesis requires localized ß-actin filament production by an actin isoform specific nucleator. Nature Communications. 2017 Nov 16;8(1):1530. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01231-x.; Ferrandez Y, Zhang W, Peurois F, Akendengué L, Blangy A, Zeghouf M, Cherfils J. Allosteric inhibition of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK5 by a small molecule. Scientific Reports. 2017 Oct 31;7(1):14409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13619-2.; Amado-Azevedo J, Reinhard NR, van Bezu J, de Menezes RX, van Beusechem VW, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL. A CDC42-centered signaling unit is a dominant positive regulator of endothelial integrity. Scientific Reports. 2017 Aug 31;7(1):10132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10392-0.; Zihni C, Vlassaks E, Terry S, Carlton J, Leung TKC, Olson M, Pichaud F, Balda MS, Matter K. An apical MRCK-driven morphogenetic pathway controls epithelial polarity. Nat Cell Biol. 2017 Sep;19(9):1049–60. 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Characterization of the activation of small GTPases by their GEFs on membranes using artificial membrane tethering. Biochem J. 2017 Mar 23;474(7):1259–72. doi: 10.1042/bcj20170015. PMID: 28196833.; Bai X, Mangum KD, Dee RA, Stouffer GA, Lee CR, Oni-Orisan A, Patterson C, Schisler JC, Viera AJ, Taylor JM, Mack CP. Blood pressure-associated polymorphism controls ARHGAP42 expression via serum response factor DNA binding. J Clin Invest. 2017 Feb 01;127(2):670–80. PMID: 28112683; PMCID: PMC5272192.; Martin-Vilchez S, Whitmore L, Asmussen H, Zareno J, Horwitz R, Newell-Litwa K. RhoGTPase Regulators Orchestrate Distinct Stages of Synaptic Development. PLoS ONE. 2017 Jan 23;12(1):e0170464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170464.; Toffali L, Montresor A, Mirenda M, Scita G, Laudanna C. SOS1, ARHGEF1, and DOCK2 rho-GEFs Mediate JAK-Dependent LFA-1 Activation by Chemokines. J Immunol. 2017 Jan 15;198(2):708–17. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600933. 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Metabolites

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

CO2

Formula: CO2 (43.98983)

CAS ID: 124-38-9

Formaldehyde

Formula: CH2O (30.0105642)

CAS ID: 50-00-0

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Superoxide

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 11062-77-4

2-oxoglutarate(2-)

Formula: C5H4O5 (144.00587339999998)

CAS ID: 64-15-3

succinate(2-)

Formula: C4H4O4 (116.01095839999999)

CAS ID: 56-14-4

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.14.11.-
1.14.11.65 [histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine9 demethylase [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine9,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
1.14.11.66 [histone H3]-trimethyl-L-lysine9 demethylase [histone H3]-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine9,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
1.14.99.66 [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine4 FAD-dependent demethylase [histone H3]-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine4:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
2.7.1.137 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.10.2 non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.1 non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.13 protein kinase C ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent)
2.7.11.18 myosin-light-chain kinase ATP:[myosin light chain] O-phosphotransferase
2.7.11.21 polo kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (spindle-pole-dependent)
2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated)
3.1.3.16 protein-serine/threonine phosphatase protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.48 protein-tyrosine-phosphatase protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.53 [myosin-light-chain] phosphatase [myosin-light-chain]-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.6.4.12 DNA helicase
3.6.5.2 small monomeric GTPase GTP phosphohydrolase (cell-regulating)
5.2.1.8 peptidylprolyl isomerase Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase
5.6.1.6 channel-conductance-controlling ATPase ATP phosphohydrolase (channel-conductance-controlling)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name