The phototransduction cascade

Korenbrot JI. Speed, sensitivity, and stability of the light response in rod and cone photoreceptors: Facts and models. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 2012 Sep;31(5):442–66. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.05.002.; Smith SO. Structure and activation of the visual pigment rhodopsin. Annu Rev Biophys. 2010;39():309–28. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-101209-104901. PMID: 20192770.; Burns ME, Pugh EN. Lessons from photoreceptors: turning off g-protein signaling in living cells. Physiology (Bethesda). 2010 Apr;25(2):72–84. PMID: 20430952; PMCID: PMC2880230.

Metabolites

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

Cobalt

Formula: Co (58.933198)

CAS ID: 7440-48-4

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Potassium cation

Formula: K (38.963708)

CAS ID: 24203-36-9

Retinal

Formula: C20H28O (284.2140038)

CAS ID: 116-31-4

Sodium cation

Formula: Na (22.98977)

CAS ID: 17341-25-2

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.1.1.60 calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase
2.5.1.58 protein farnesyltransferase farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase
2.5.1.59 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase
2.7.11.14 rhodopsin kinase ATP:rhodopsin phosphotransferase
3.1.3.16 protein-serine/threonine phosphatase protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.4.35 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase 3',5'-cyclic-GMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase
3.4.11.18 methionyl aminopeptidase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name