STING mediated induction of host immune responses

Conlon J, Burdette DL, Sharma S, Bhat N, Thompson M, Jiang Z, Rathinam VA, Monks B, Jin T, Xiao TS, Vogel SN, Vance RE, Fitzgerald KA. Mouse, but not human STING, binds and signals in response to the vascular disrupting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid. J Immunol. 2013 May 15;190(10):5216–25. PMID: 23585680; PMCID: PMC3647383.; Cavlar T, Deimling T, Ablasser A, Hopfner KP, Hornung V. Species-specific detection of the antiviral small-molecule compound CMA by STING. EMBO J. 2013 May 15;32(10):1440–50. PMID: 23604073; PMCID: PMC3655471.; Abe T, Harashima A, Xia T, Konno H, Konno K, Morales A, Ahn J, Gutman D, Barber G. STING Recognition of Cytoplasmic DNA Instigates Cellular Defense. Molecular Cell. 2013 Apr;50(1):5–15. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.01.039.; Holm CK, Jensen SB, Jakobsen MR, Cheshenko N, Horan KA, Moeller HB, Gonzalez-Dosal R, Rasmussen SB, Christensen MH, Yarovinsky TO, Rixon FJ, Herold BC, Fitzgerald KA, Paludan SR. Virus-cell fusion as a trigger of innate immunity dependent on the adaptor STING. Nat Immunol. 2012 Jun 17;13(8):737–43. PMID: 22706339; PMCID: PMC3411909.; Manzanillo PS, Shiloh MU, Portnoy DA, Cox JS. Mycobacterium tuberculosis activates the DNA-dependent cytosolic surveillance pathway within macrophages. Cell Host Microbe. 2012 May 17;11(5):469–80. PMID: 22607800; PMCID: PMC3662372.; Tanaka Y, Chen ZJ. STING specifies IRF3 phosphorylation by TBK1 in the cytosolic DNA signaling pathway. Sci Signal. 2012 Mar 06;5(214):ra20. PMID: 22394562; PMCID: PMC3549669.; Burdette DL, Monroe KM, Sotelo-Troha K, Iwig JS, Eckert B, Hyodo M, Hayakawa Y, Vance RE. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 2011 Sep 25;478(7370):515–8. PMID: 21947006; PMCID: PMC3203314.; Zhang Z, Yuan B, Bao M, Lu N, Kim T, Liu YJ. The helicase DDX41 senses intracellular DNA mediated by the adaptor STING in dendritic cells. Nat Immunol. 2011 Sep 04;12(10):959–65. PMID: 21892174; PMCID: PMC3671854.; Sharma S, DeOliveira RB, Kalantari P, Parroche P, Goutagny N, Jiang Z, Chan J, Bartholomeu DC, Lauw F, Hall JP, Barber GN, Gazzinelli RT, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. Innate immune recognition of an AT-rich stem-loop DNA motif in the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Immunity. 2011 Aug 26;35(2):194–207. PMID: 21820332; PMCID: PMC3162998.; Unterholzner L, Keating SE, Baran M, Horan KA, Jensen SB, Sharma S, Sirois CM, Jin T, Latz E, Xiao TS, Fitzgerald KA, Paludan SR, Bowie AG. IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA. Nat Immunol. 2010 Nov;11(11):997–1004. PMID: 20890285; PMCID: PMC3142795.; Yan N, Regalado-Magdos AD, Stiggelbout B, Lee-Kirsch MA, Lieberman J. The cytosolic exonuclease TREX1 inhibits the innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Nat Immunol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1005–13. PMID: 20871604; PMCID: PMC2958248.; Prantner D, Darville T, Nagarajan UM. Stimulator of IFN gene is critical for induction of IFN-beta during Chlamydia muridarum infection. J Immunol. 2010 Mar 01;184(5):2551–60. PMID: 20107183; PMCID: PMC2863030.; Saitoh T, Fujita N, Hayashi T, Takahara K, Satoh T, Lee H, Matsunaga K, Kageyama S, Omori H, Noda T, Yamamoto N, Kawai T, Ishii K, Takeuchi O, Yoshimori T, Akira S. Atg9a controls dsDNA-driven dynamic translocation of STING and the innate immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 08;106(49):20842–6. PMID: 19926846; PMCID: PMC2791563.; Ishikawa H, Ma Z, Barber GN. STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity. Nature. 2009 Oct 08;461(7265):788–92. PMID: 19776740; PMCID: PMC4664154.; Sun W, Li Y, Chen L, Chen H, You F, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhai Z, Chen D, Jiang Z. ERIS, an endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator, activates innate immune signaling through dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 26;106(21):8653–8. PMID: 19433799; PMCID: PMC2689030.; Ishikawa H, Barber GN. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature. 2008 Oct 02;455(7213):674–8. PMID: 18724357; PMCID: PMC2804933.

Metabolites

3',5'-Cyclic diGMP

Formula: C20H24N10O14P2 (690.0948664)

CAS ID: 61093-23-0

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
3.6.4.13 RNA helicase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name