L-Tryptophan (BioCAD00000013152)

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Metabolite Card

Formula: C11H12N2O2 (204.0899)
SMILES: N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O

Synonyms [en]

L-tryptophan; tryptophan; (S)-alpha-amino-beta-(3-indolyl)-propionic acid; (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; trp; L-(-)-Tryptophan

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

L-Tryptophan. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000013152). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Tryptophan (Trp) or L-tryptophan is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-tryptophan is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) aromatic amino acid. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. The requirement for tryptophan and protein decreases with age. The minimum daily requirement for adults is 3 mg/kg/day or about 200 mg a day. There is 400 mg of tryptophan in a cup of wheat germ. A cup of low-fat cottage cheese contains 300 mg of tryptophan and chicken and turkey contain up to 600 mg of tryptophan per pound (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Tryptophan is particularly plentiful in chocolate, oats, dried dates, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, red meat, eggs, fish, poultry, sesame, chickpeas, almonds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, buckwheat, spirulina, and peanuts. Tryptophan is the precursor of both serotonin and melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals, which regulates sleep and wakefulness. Serotonin is a brain neurotransmitter, platelet clotting factor, and neurohormone found in organs throughout the body. Metabolism of tryptophan into serotonin requires nutrients such as vitamin B6, niacin, and glutathione. Niacin (also known as vitamin B3) is an important metabolite of tryptophan. It is synthesized via kynurenine and quinolinic acids, which are products of tryptophan degradation. There are a number of conditions or diseases that are characterized by tryptophan deficiencies. For instance, fructose malabsorption causes improper absorption of tryptophan in the intestine, which reduces levels of tryptophan in the blood and leads to depression. High corn diets or other tryptophan-deficient diets can cause pellagra, which is a niacin-tryptophan deficiency disease with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Hartnup's disease is a disorder in which tryptophan and other amino acids are not absorbed properly. Symptoms of Hartnup's disease include skin rashes, difficulty coordinating movements (cerebellar ataxia), and psychiatric symptoms such as depression or psychosis. Tryptophan supplements may be useful for treating Hartnup's disease. Assessment of tryptophan deficiency is done through studying excretion of tryptophan metabolites in the urine or blood. Blood may be the most sensitive test because the amino acid tryptophan is transported in a unique way. Increased urination of tryptophan breakdown products (such as kynurenine) correlates with increased tryptophan degradation, which occurs with oral contraception, depression, mental retardation, hypertension, and anxiety states. Tryptophan plays a role in "feast-induced" drowsiness. Ingestion of a meal rich in carbohydrates triggers the release of insulin. Insulin, in turn, stimulates the uptake of large neutral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) into muscle, increasing the ratio of tryptophan to BCAA in the bloodstream. The increased tryptophan ratio reduces competition at the large neutral amino acid transporter (which transports both BCAAs and tryptophan), resulting in greater uptake of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Once in the CSF, tryptophan is converted into serotonin and the resulting serotonin is further metabolized into melatonin by the pineal gland, which promotes sleep. Because tryptophan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) which is then converted into the neurotransmitter serotonin, it has been proposed that consumption of tryptophan or 5-HTP may improve depression symptoms by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain. Tryptophan is sold over the counter in the United States (after being banned to varying extents between 1989 and 2005) and the United Kingdom as a dietary supplement for use as an antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sleep aid. It is also marketed as a prescription drug in some European countries for the treatment of major depression. There is evidence that blood tryptophan levels are unlikely to be altered by changing the diet, but consuming purified tryptophan increases the serotonin level in the brain, whereas eating foods containing tryptophan does not. This is because the transport system that brings tryptophan across the blood–brain barrier also transports other amino acids which are contained in protein food sources. Under certain situations, tryptophan can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the brain and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of tryptophan can be found in glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I or GA1). GA1 is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs), but particularly the basal ganglia. Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Other symptoms include spasticity (increased muscle tone/stiffness) and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal movement or posture), but many affected individuals are asymptomatic. High levels of tryptophan have also been implicated in eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS), an incurable and sometimes fatal flu-like neurological condition linked to the ingestion of large amounts of L-tryptophan. The risk of developing EMS increases with larger doses of tryptophan and increasing age. Some research suggests that certain genetic polymorphisms may be related to the development of EMS. The presence of eosinophilia is a core feature of EMS, along with unusually severe myalgia (muscle pain). It is thought that both tryptophan and certain unidentified tryptophan contaminants may contribute to EMS (PMID: 1763543 ). It has also been suggested that excessive tryptophan or elevation of its metabolites could play a role in amplifying some of the pathological features of EMS (PMID: 10721094 ). This pathological damage is further augmented by metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (a tryptophan degradation pathway).

Extracellular
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 202406-50-6
  • CAS Registry Number: 54-12-6
  • CAS Registry Number: 73-22-3
  • CAS Registry Number: 80206-30-0
  • PubChem: 1148
  • PubChem: 3378
  • PubChem: 6305
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:16828
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:27897
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:57912
  • HMDB: HMDB0000929
  • HMDB: HMDB00929
  • KEGG: C00078
  • KEGG: C00078 D00020
  • KEGG: D00020
  • BioCyc: TRP
  • NCBI MeSH: Tryptophan
  • Wikipedia: Tryptophan
  • DrugBank: DB00150
  • RefMet: RM0136024
  • MoNA: BML01185
  • MoNA: BML01191
  • MoNA: BML01197
  • MoNA: BML01203
  • MoNA: BML01208
  • MoNA: BML01213
  • MoNA: BML81640
  • MoNA: BML81641
  • MoNA: BML81642
  • MoNA: BML81643
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000577897
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000578123
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec24681
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec391487
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec391488
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec391497
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec391498
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec96780
  • MoNA: FIO00628
  • MoNA: FIO00629
  • MoNA: FIO00630
  • MoNA: FIO00631
  • MoNA: FIO00632
  • MoNA: FIO00633
  • MoNA: FIO00634
  • MoNA: FIO00635
  • MoNA: FIO00636
  • MoNA: FIO00637
  • MoNA: GLS00114
  • MoNA: HMDB0000929_c_ms_1845
  • MoNA: HMDB0000929_c_ms_1879
  • MoNA: HMDB0000929_ms_ms_1321
  • MoNA: HMDB0000929_ms_ms_1322
  • MoNA: HMDB0000929_ms_ms_1323
  • MoNA: JP011293
  • MoNA: KNA00105
  • MoNA: KNA00106
  • MoNA: KNA00107
  • MoNA: KNA00108
  • MoNA: KNA00240
  • MoNA: KNA00241
  • MoNA: KNA00242
  • MoNA: KNA00243
  • MoNA: KNA00507
  • MoNA: KNA00508
  • MoNA: KNA00509
  • MoNA: KNA00510
  • MoNA: KNA00632
  • MoNA: KNA00633
  • MoNA: KNA00634
  • MoNA: KNA00635
  • MoNA: KO001867
  • MoNA: KO001868
  • MoNA: KO001869
  • MoNA: KO001870
  • MoNA: KO001871
  • MoNA: KO004072
  • MoNA: KO004073
  • MoNA: KO004074
  • MoNA: KO004075
  • MoNA: KO004076
  • MoNA: KZ000055
  • MoNA: KZ000162
  • MoNA: MoNA003365
  • MoNA: MoNA003366
  • MoNA: MoNA003367
  • MoNA: MoNA003368
  • MoNA: MoNA003369
  • MoNA: MoNA003370
  • MoNA: MoNA010399
  • MoNA: MoNA010400
  • MoNA: MoNA010401
  • MoNA: MoNA010402
  • MoNA: MoNA010403
  • MoNA: MoNA010404
  • MoNA: MoNA033692
  • MoNA: MoNA033694
  • MoNA: MoNA033695
  • MoNA: MoNA035794
  • MoNA: MoNA035795
  • MoNA: MoNA035799
  • MoNA: MoNA037000
  • MoNA: MoNA037002
  • MoNA: MoNA037003
  • MoNA: MoNA037715
  • MoNA: MoNA038450
  • MoNA: MoNA038901
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006628
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006629
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006630
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006631
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006632
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006633
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007820
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007821
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007822
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007823
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007824
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007825
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008051
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008052
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008359
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008360
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008361
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008362
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008363
  • MoNA: MT000149
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001277
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001279
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001280
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001282
  • MoNA: OUF00479
  • MoNA: OUF01018
  • MoNA: PB000415
  • MoNA: PB000416
  • MoNA: PB000417
  • MoNA: PB000418
  • MoNA: PM000959
  • MoNA: PR010037
  • MoNA: PR030018
  • MoNA: PR100033
  • MoNA: PR100034
  • MoNA: PR100498
  • MoNA: PS005501
  • MoNA: PS005502
  • MoNA: PS005503
  • MoNA: PS005504
  • MoNA: PT100550
  • MoNA: PT100553
  • MoNA: PT200550
  • MoNA: RP000501
  • MoNA: RP000502
  • MoNA: RP000503
  • MoNA: RP000511
  • MoNA: RP000512
  • MoNA: RP000513
  • MoNA: UA005701
  • Metlin: METLIN_33
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0167976.1

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R00673 4.1.99.1 L-tryptophan indole-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)
KEGG:R00674 4.2.1.20 L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole; L-tryptophan-forming)
KEGG:R00675 1.4.1.19 L-tryptophan:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
KEGG:R00676 1.4.1.19 L-tryptophan:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
KEGG:R00677 1.4.3.2 L-tryptophan:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
KEGG:R00678 1.13.11.11 L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
KEGG:R00679 1.13.12.3 L-tryptophan:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
KEGG:R00681 1.13.99.3 L-tryptophan:oxygen 2'-oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving)
KEGG:R00682 3.5.1.57 L-tryptophanamide amidohydrolase
KEGG:R00683 S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-tryptophan N-methyltransferase
KEGG:R00684 2.6.1.27 L-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
KEGG:R00685 4.1.1.28 L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
KEGG:R01376 2.6.1.28 L-tryptophan:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase
KEGG:R01657 2.5.1.34 dimethylallyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase
KEGG:R01814 1.14.16.4 L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
KEGG:R02722 4.2.1.20 L-serine hydro-lyase [adding 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate; L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-forming]
KEGG:R03664 6.1.1.2 L-tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)
KEGG:R05317 1.3.3.10 L-tryptophan:oxygen alpha,beta-oxidoreductase
KEGG:R07213 1.14.16.4 L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)
KEGG:R08160 1.14.14.156 L-tryptophan,[reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating)
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. A new engineered strain of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) [PAAS] [ncbi taxid: ]
  2. A new engineered strain of Escherichia coli BP-24 [kdc adh1 aroF pheAfbr] [ncbi taxid: ]
  3. A new engineered strain of Escherichia coli BW25113(DE3) [ipdC yahK aroFfbrpheAfbr; ∆feaB] [ncbi taxid: ]
  4. A new engineered strain of Escherichia coli DG02 [aroGfbr pheAfbrkdc yjgB aro8] [ncbi taxid: ]
  5. A new engineered strain of Escherichia coli [kivD adh2] [ncbi taxid: ]
  6. A new engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 [aro4fbraro7fbr; aro8∆ tyr1∆ aro3∆] [ncbi taxid: ]
  7. Abelmoschus esculentus [ncbi taxid: 455045]
  8. Aconitum finetianum [ncbi taxid: 219064]
  9. Aconitum seravschanicum [ncbi taxid: 246713]
  10. Aconitum tasiromontanum [ncbi taxid: ]
  11. Actinidia chinensis [ncbi taxid: 3625]
  12. Adansonia grandidieri [ncbi taxid: 69111]
  13. Aesculus chinensis [ncbi taxid: 290911]
  14. Agaricus bisporus [ncbi taxid: 5341]
  15. Allium ampeloprasum [ncbi taxid: 4681]
  16. Allium ascalonicum [ncbi taxid: 1476995]
  17. Allium cepa [ncbi taxid: 4679]
  18. Allium chinense [ncbi taxid: 130426]
  19. Allium fistulosum [ncbi taxid: 35875]
  20. Allium macrostemon [ncbi taxid: 91198]
  21. Allium sativum [ncbi taxid: 4682]
  22. Allium schoenoprasum [ncbi taxid: 74900]
  23. Amelanchier alnifolia [ncbi taxid: 32219]
  24. Anacardium occidentale [ncbi taxid: 171929]
  25. Ananas comosus [ncbi taxid: 4615]
  26. Anarhichas lupus [ncbi taxid: 8204]
  27. Anethum graveolens [ncbi taxid: 40922]
  28. Annona cherimola [ncbi taxid: 49314]
  29. Annona muricata [ncbi taxid: 13337]
  30. Annona reticulata [ncbi taxid: 301862]
  31. Annona squamosa [ncbi taxid: 301693]
  32. Anoplophora chinensis [ncbi taxid: 217632]
  33. Anoplopoma fimbria [ncbi taxid: 229290]
  34. Anthriscus cerefolium [ncbi taxid: 40888]
  35. Antirrhinum majus [ncbi taxid: 4151]
  36. Aphyllocladus denticulatus [ncbi taxid: 2782251]
  37. Apium graveolens [ncbi taxid: 4045]
  38. Arabidopsis thaliana [ncbi taxid: 3702]
  39. Arachis hypogaea [ncbi taxid: 3818]
  40. Archosargus probatocephalus [ncbi taxid: 119682]
  41. Arctium lappa [ncbi taxid: 4217]
  42. Armoracia rusticana [ncbi taxid: 3704]
  43. Artocarpus altilis [ncbi taxid: 194251]
  44. Artocarpus heterophyllus [ncbi taxid: 3489]
  45. Asparagus officinalis [ncbi taxid: 4686]
  46. Aspergillus fumigatus [ncbi taxid: 746128]
  47. Aster sedifolius [ncbi taxid: ]
  48. Avena sativa [ncbi taxid: 4498]
  49. Averrhoa carambola [ncbi taxid: 28974]
  50. Baphicacanthus cusia [ncbi taxid: ]
  51. Basella alba [ncbi taxid: 3589]
  52. Bassia muricata [ncbi taxid: 267505]
  53. Belone belone [ncbi taxid: 129037]
  54. Benincasa hispida [ncbi taxid: 102211]
  55. Bertholletia excelsa [ncbi taxid: 3645]
  56. Beta vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 161934]
  57. Bos taurus [ncbi taxid: 9913]
  58. Brassica juncea [ncbi taxid: 3707]
  59. Brassica napus [ncbi taxid: 3708]
  60. Brassica oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3712]
  61. Brassica oleracea var. sabauda [ncbi taxid: 1216010]
  62. Brassica rapa [ncbi taxid: 3711]
  63. Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis [ncbi taxid: 93385]
  64. Brassica ruvo [ncbi taxid: ]
  65. Brosimum alicastrum [ncbi taxid: 194253]
  66. Brosme brosme [ncbi taxid: 81638]
  67. Bupleurum smithii [ncbi taxid: 359522]
  68. Burkholderia cepacia [ncbi taxid: 292]
  69. Cajanus cajan [ncbi taxid: 3821]
  70. Calvatia fenzlii [ncbi taxid: 626502]
  71. Calvatia gigantea [ncbi taxid: 68762]
  72. Calvatia lilacina [ncbi taxid: 2979578]
  73. Camellia sinensis [ncbi taxid: 4442]
  74. Canarium ovatum [ncbi taxid: 43691]
  75. Capra aegagrus [ncbi taxid: 9923]
  76. Capsicum annuum [ncbi taxid: 4072]
  77. Carica papaya [ncbi taxid: 3649]
  78. Carthamus tinctorius [ncbi taxid: 4222]
  79. Carum carvi [ncbi taxid: 48032]
  80. Carya illinoinensis [ncbi taxid: 32201]
  81. Castanea sativa [ncbi taxid: 21020]
  82. Castilleja sulphurea [ncbi taxid: 188296]
  83. Cathormion altissimum [ncbi taxid: ]
  84. Caulocystis cephalornithos [ncbi taxid: 97150]
  85. Centaurea solstitialis [ncbi taxid: 347529]
  86. Ceratonia siliqua [ncbi taxid: 20340]
  87. Chanos chanos [ncbi taxid: 29144]
  88. Chara ceratophylla [ncbi taxid: ]
  89. Chenopodium album [ncbi taxid: 3559]
  90. Chenopodium quinoa [ncbi taxid: 63459]
  91. Cicer arietinum [ncbi taxid: 3827]
  92. Cichorium endivia [ncbi taxid: 114280]
  93. Cichorium intybus [ncbi taxid: 13427]
  94. Cinnamomum aromaticum [ncbi taxid: 119260]
  95. Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
  96. Citrus aurantiifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  97. Citrus latifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  98. Citrus limon [ncbi taxid: ]
  99. Citrus paradisi [ncbi taxid: ]
  100. Citrus reticulata [ncbi taxid: 85571]
  101. Citrus sinensis [ncbi taxid: 2711]
  102. Cocos nucifera [ncbi taxid: 13894]
  103. Coffea arabica [ncbi taxid: 13443]
  104. Coffea canephora [ncbi taxid: 49390]
  105. Colocasia esculenta [ncbi taxid: 4460]
  106. Commiphora confusa [ncbi taxid: ]
  107. Corchorus olitorius [ncbi taxid: 93759]
  108. Coregonus artedi [ncbi taxid: 36181]
  109. Coryphaena hippurus [ncbi taxid: 34814]
  110. Cosmos diversifolius [ncbi taxid: 2732727]
  111. Crassostrea virginica [ncbi taxid: 6565]
  112. Cryptocarya oblata [ncbi taxid: 1312790]
  113. Cucumis melo [ncbi taxid: 3656]
  114. Cucumis sativus [ncbi taxid: 3659]
  115. Cucurbita maxima [ncbi taxid: 3661]
  116. Cucurbita moschata [ncbi taxid: 3662]
  117. Cucurbita pepo [ncbi taxid: 3663]
  118. Curcuma caesia [ncbi taxid: 508682]
  119. Curcuma domestica [ncbi taxid: ]
  120. Cyprinus carpio [ncbi taxid: 7962]
  121. Cytophaga hutchinsoni [ncbi taxid: ]
  122. Daemonorops draco [ncbi taxid: ]
  123. Daucus carota [ncbi taxid: 4039]
  124. Dendriopoterium menendezii [ncbi taxid: 137441]
  125. Dictyopteris australis [ncbi taxid: 531971]
  126. Dioscorea pentaphylla [ncbi taxid: 167592]
  127. Dioscorea sativa [ncbi taxid: ]
  128. Diospyros kaki [ncbi taxid: 35925]
  129. Diospyros virginiana [ncbi taxid: 13493]
  130. Dodonaea viscosa [ncbi taxid: 151065]
  131. Drosera rotundifolia [ncbi taxid: 173423]
  132. Dysoxylum cumingianum [ncbi taxid: ]
  133. Enceliopsis argophylla [ncbi taxid: 191186]
  134. Epichloe festucae var. lolii [ncbi taxid: 73839]
  135. Equisetum debile [ncbi taxid: ]
  136. Eragrostis tef [ncbi taxid: 110835]
  137. Eria mollis [ncbi taxid: ]
  138. Eriobotrya japonica [ncbi taxid: 32224]
  139. Eriocheir sinensis [ncbi taxid: 95602]
  140. Erythrina pallida [ncbi taxid: 2590713]
  141. Erythrophleum couminga [ncbi taxid: 3086805]
  142. Escherichia coli [ncbi taxid: 562]
  143. Escherichia coli K12 [ncbi taxid: ]
  144. Eucalyptus australiana [ncbi taxid: ]
  145. Eumetopias jubatus [ncbi taxid: 34886]
  146. Excoecaria acerifolia [ncbi taxid: 2054263]
  147. Fagopyrum esculentum [ncbi taxid: 3617]
  148. Feijoa sellowiana [ncbi taxid: 260130]
  149. Ficus carica [ncbi taxid: 3494]
  150. Ficus simplicissima [ncbi taxid: 1822162]
  151. Flacourtia jangomas [ncbi taxid: 112819]
  152. Flammulina velutipes [ncbi taxid: 38945]
  153. Foeniculum vulgare [ncbi taxid: ]
  154. FOOD SAKE [ncbi taxid: ]
  155. Forsythia japonica [ncbi taxid: 205690]
  156. Fragaria x ananassa [ncbi taxid: 3747]
  157. Fusarium avenaceum [ncbi taxid: 40199]
  158. Fusarium sacchari [ncbi taxid: 42676]
  159. Gadus morhua callarias [ncbi taxid: 8053]
  160. Garrya laurifolia [ncbi taxid: 1197921]
  161. Geraea canescens [ncbi taxid: 41582]
  162. Geranium pratense subsp.finitimum (Woronow) Knuth [ncbi taxid: ]
  163. Ginkgo biloba [ncbi taxid: 3311]
  164. Glehnia littoralis [ncbi taxid: 48119]
  165. Glycine max [ncbi taxid: 3847]
  166. Goupia glabra [ncbi taxid: 39314]
  167. Grevillea robusta [ncbi taxid: 105748]
  168. Grifola frondosa [ncbi taxid: 5627]
  169. Gymnosporia trigyna [ncbi taxid: ]
  170. Hedysarum polybotrys [ncbi taxid: 119828]
  171. Helianthus annuus [ncbi taxid: 4232]
  172. Helianthus tuberosus [ncbi taxid: 4233]
  173. Helipterum gnaphaloides [ncbi taxid: ]
  174. Herba nerviliae [ncbi taxid: ]
  175. Hippoglossus hippoglossus [ncbi taxid: 8267]
  176. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  177. Hordeum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 4513]
  178. Humulus lupulus [ncbi taxid: 3486]
  179. Huperzia miyoshiana [ncbi taxid: 380488]
  180. Ictalurus punctatus [ncbi taxid: 7998]
  181. Inga velutina [ncbi taxid: 486091]
  182. Ipomoea batatas [ncbi taxid: 4120]
  183. Isaria fumosorosea [ncbi taxid: ]
  184. Isatis indigotica [ncbi taxid: 3242077]
  185. Isatis tinctoria [ncbi taxid: 161756]
  186. Juglans cinerea [ncbi taxid: 91214]
  187. Juglans regia [ncbi taxid: 51240]
  188. Justicia secunda [ncbi taxid: ]
  189. Katsuwonus pelamis [ncbi taxid: 8226]
  190. Lablab purpureus [ncbi taxid: 35936]
  191. Lactuca sativa [ncbi taxid: 4236]
  192. Lactuca serriola [ncbi taxid: 75943]
  193. Lagenaria siceraria [ncbi taxid: 3668]
  194. Laggera alata [ncbi taxid: 441197]
  195. Lagochilus leiacanthus [ncbi taxid: 2039844]
  196. Laingia pacifica [ncbi taxid: ]
  197. Lavandula vera [ncbi taxid: ]
  198. Lecidea ferax [ncbi taxid: ]
  199. Leiostomus xanthurus [ncbi taxid: 59837]
  200. Lens culinaris [ncbi taxid: 3864]
  201. Lentinus edodes [ncbi taxid: ]
  202. Lepidium sativum [ncbi taxid: 33125]
  203. Lindera aggregata [ncbi taxid: 545644]
  204. Linum usitatissimum [ncbi taxid: 4006]
  205. Litchi chinensis [ncbi taxid: 151069]
  206. Lithothamnion corallioides [ncbi taxid: 1277934]
  207. Lophius piscatorius [ncbi taxid: 8074]
  208. Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps [ncbi taxid: 390349]
  209. Lota lota [ncbi taxid: 69944]
  210. Luffariella geometrica [ncbi taxid: 1336870]
  211. Lupinus albus [ncbi taxid: 3870]
  212. Malus pumila [ncbi taxid: 283210]
  213. Mammea americana [ncbi taxid: 198777]
  214. Mangifera indica [ncbi taxid: 29780]
  215. Manihot esculenta [ncbi taxid: 3983]
  216. Manilkara zapota [ncbi taxid: 3741]
  217. Maranta arundinacea [ncbi taxid: 210060]
  218. Medinilla magnifica [ncbi taxid: 1799599]
  219. Melanogrammus aeglefinus [ncbi taxid: 8056]
  220. Mentha spicata [ncbi taxid: 29719]
  221. Mentha x piperita [ncbi taxid: 34256]
  222. Mesua ferrea [ncbi taxid: 210380]
  223. Microstomus kitt [ncbi taxid: 106175]
  224. Miliusa velutina [ncbi taxid: 235758]
  225. Mirabilis jalpa [ncbi taxid: ]
  226. Molva molva [ncbi taxid: 163112]
  227. Monopteryx uaucu [ncbi taxid: 1602310]
  228. Moringa oleifera [ncbi taxid: 3735]
  229. Mus musculus [ncbi taxid: 10090]
  230. Musa acuminata [ncbi taxid: 4641]
  231. Musa x paradisiaca [ncbi taxid: 89151]
  232. Nasturtium officinale [ncbi taxid: 65948]
  233. Nelumbo nucifera [ncbi taxid: 4432]
  234. Neobalanocarpus heimii [ncbi taxid: ]
  235. Nephrops norvegicus [ncbi taxid: 6829]
  236. Ocimum basilicum [ncbi taxid: 39350]
  237. Ocimum pilosum [ncbi taxid: ]
  238. Oenothera biennis [ncbi taxid: 3942]
  239. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha [ncbi taxid: 8017]
  240. Oncorhynchus keta [ncbi taxid: 8018]
  241. Oncorhynchus kisutch [ncbi taxid: 8019]
  242. Oncorhynchus mykiss [ncbi taxid: 8022]
  243. Oncorhynchus nerka [ncbi taxid: 8023]
  244. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha [ncbi taxid: 74940]
  245. Onobrychis arenaria [ncbi taxid: 83864]
  246. Onobrychis bobrovii [ncbi taxid: 872932]
  247. Onobrychis viciifolia [ncbi taxid: 3882]
  248. Ophiodon elongatus [ncbi taxid: 225387]
  249. Opuntia cochenillifera [ncbi taxid: ]
  250. Origanum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 39352]
  251. Ormosia nobilis [ncbi taxid: ]
  252. Oryza sativa [ncbi taxid: 4530]
  253. Panicum miliaceum [ncbi taxid: 4540]
  254. Papaver persicum [ncbi taxid: 3116565]
  255. Papaver somniferum [ncbi taxid: 3469]
  256. Pastinaca sativa [ncbi taxid: 4041]
  257. Pediomelum esculentum [ncbi taxid: 458363]
  258. Peprilus triacanthus [ncbi taxid: 183653]
  259. Perilla frutescens [ncbi taxid: 48386]
  260. Persea americana [ncbi taxid: 3435]
  261. Persicaria orientalis [ncbi taxid: 467334]
  262. Persicaria tinctoria [ncbi taxid: 96455]
  263. Petroselinum crispum [ncbi taxid: 4043]
  264. Petteria ramentacea [ncbi taxid: 49832]
  265. Phaseolus lunatus [ncbi taxid: 3884]
  266. Phaseolus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 3885]
  267. Phelline lucida [ncbi taxid: 92224]
  268. Phoenix dactylifera [ncbi taxid: 42345]
  269. Phyllostachys edulis [ncbi taxid: 38705]
  270. Physalis alkekengi [ncbi taxid: ]
  271. Pinellia ternata [ncbi taxid: 199225]
  272. Pinus edulis [ncbi taxid: 3340]
  273. Piper nigrum [ncbi taxid: 13216]
  274. Piptostigma fugax [ncbi taxid: 2986207]
  275. Pistacia vera [ncbi taxid: 55513]
  276. Pisum sativum [ncbi taxid: ]
  277. Pleurocybella porrigens [ncbi taxid: 71910]
  278. Pleurotus ostreatus [ncbi taxid: 5322]
  279. Plumbago zeylanica [ncbi taxid: 76149]
  280. Podospora curvicolla [ncbi taxid: ]
  281. Polygonum cuspidatum [ncbi taxid: 83819]
  282. Polygonum tinctorium [ncbi taxid: ]
  283. Pomatomus saltatrix [ncbi taxid: ]
  284. Porphyra laciniata [ncbi taxid: ]
  285. Portulaca oleracea [ncbi taxid: 46147]
  286. Pouteria sapota [ncbi taxid: 233744]
  287. Pratia nummularia [ncbi taxid: 368691]
  288. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. [ncbi taxid: ]
  289. Prunus armeniaca [ncbi taxid: 36596]
  290. Prunus avium [ncbi taxid: 42229]
  291. Prunus domestica [ncbi taxid: 3758]
  292. Prunus dulcis [ncbi taxid: 3755]
  293. Prunus persica [ncbi taxid: 3760]
  294. Prunus tomentosa [ncbi taxid: 105667]
  295. Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis [ncbi taxid: 1745139]
  296. Psidium cattleianum [ncbi taxid: ]
  297. Psidium guajava [ncbi taxid: 120290]
  298. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus [ncbi taxid: 3891]
  299. Psychotria stachyoides [ncbi taxid: 1277330]
  300. Pyrus communis [ncbi taxid: 23211]
  301. Pyrus pyrifolia [ncbi taxid: 3767]
  302. Raphanus sativus [ncbi taxid: 3726]
  303. Rattus rattus [ncbi taxid: 10117]
  304. Reinhardtius hippoglossoides [ncbi taxid: 111784]
  305. Rheum rhabarbarum [ncbi taxid: 3621]
  306. Rhododendron latoucheae [ncbi taxid: 184576]
  307. Rhododendron mucronatum [ncbi taxid: 401655]
  308. Rhododendron ungerni [ncbi taxid: ]
  309. Ribes nigrum [ncbi taxid: 78511]
  310. Ribes rubrum [ncbi taxid: 175228]
  311. Ribes uva-crispa [ncbi taxid: 135518]
  312. Rivularia firma [ncbi taxid: ]
  313. Rosmarinus officinalis [ncbi taxid: ]
  314. Rubus idaeus [ncbi taxid: 32247]
  315. Russula japonica [ncbi taxid: 258984]
  316. Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ncbi taxid: 4932]
  317. Salmo salar [ncbi taxid: 8030]
  318. Salvia hispanica [ncbi taxid: 49212]
  319. Saussurea muliensis [ncbi taxid: 254917]
  320. Scophthalmus maximus [ncbi taxid: 52904]
  321. Secale cereale [ncbi taxid: 4550]
  322. Sechium edule [ncbi taxid: ]
  323. Senecio cathcartensis [ncbi taxid: 1886426]
  324. Senecio subdentatus [ncbi taxid: 2764669]
  325. Sequoia sempervirens [ncbi taxid: 28980]
  326. Sesamum orientale [ncbi taxid: ]
  327. Sesbania bispinosa [ncbi taxid: 485725]
  328. Sinapis alba [ncbi taxid: 3728]
  329. Solanum lycopersicum [ncbi taxid: 4081]
  330. Solanum melongena [ncbi taxid: 4111]
  331. Solanum tuberosum [ncbi taxid: 4113]
  332. Solenopsis punctaticeps [ncbi taxid: 625246]
  333. Sorghum bicolor [ncbi taxid: 4558]
  334. Sphaerella laricina [ncbi taxid: ]
  335. Spinacia oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3562]
  336. Stenodus leucichthys [ncbi taxid: 59296]
  337. Stenotomus chrysops [ncbi taxid: 35579]
  338. Streptomyces achromogenes [ncbi taxid: 67255]
  339. Streptomyces amakusaensis [ncbi taxid: 67271]
  340. Streptomyces coelicolor [ncbi taxid: 1902]
  341. Streptomyces sparsus [ncbi taxid: 297584]
  342. Streptomyces species Eg8. [ncbi taxid: ]
  343. Streptomyces TP-A0274 [ncbi taxid: ]
  344. Streptomyces venezuelae [ncbi taxid: 54571]
  345. Streptomyces viridogenes [ncbi taxid: 68283]
  346. Strychnos tricalysioides [ncbi taxid: 1040936]
  347. Sus scrofa [ncbi taxid: 9823]
  348. Sus scrofa domesticus [ncbi taxid: 9825]
  349. Syzygium aromaticum [ncbi taxid: 219868]
  350. Tamarindus indica [ncbi taxid: 58860]
  351. Tephrosia tepicana [ncbi taxid: ]
  352. Teucrium yemense [ncbi taxid: ]
  353. Theobroma cacao [ncbi taxid: 3641]
  354. Thunnus alalunga [ncbi taxid: 8235]
  355. Thunnus albacares [ncbi taxid: 8236]
  356. Thunnus thynnus [ncbi taxid: 8237]
  357. Thymus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 49992]
  358. Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1841(TB1) [ncbi taxid: ]
  359. Trichodesma incanum [ncbi taxid: 1421769]
  360. Trifolium pratense L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  361. Trifolium repens [ncbi taxid: 3899]
  362. Trifolium repens L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  363. Trifolium strepens [ncbi taxid: ]
  364. Trigonella foenum-graecum [ncbi taxid: 78534]
  365. Triticosecale rimpaui [ncbi taxid: ]
  366. Triticum aestivum [ncbi taxid: 4565]
  367. Triticum durum [ncbi taxid: ]
  368. Triticum spelta [ncbi taxid: 58933]
  369. Triticum turanicum [ncbi taxid: ]
  370. Undaria pinnatifida [ncbi taxid: 74381]
  371. Urochloa decumbens [ncbi taxid: 240449]
  372. Vaccinium corymbosum [ncbi taxid: 69266]
  373. Vaccinium macrocarpon [ncbi taxid: 13750]
  374. Vaccinium myrtillus [ncbi taxid: 180763]
  375. Vaccinium vitis-idaea [ncbi taxid: 180772]
  376. Valerianella locusta [ncbi taxid: 59166]
  377. Vellozia candida [ncbi taxid: 3344532]
  378. Vicia faba [ncbi taxid: 3906]
  379. Vigna aconitifolia [ncbi taxid: 3918]
  380. Vigna angularis [ncbi taxid: 3914]
  381. Vigna mungo [ncbi taxid: 3915]
  382. Vigna radiata [ncbi taxid: 157791]
  383. Vigna unguiculata [ncbi taxid: 3917]
  384. Vitis vinifera [ncbi taxid: 29760]
  385. Xanthorrhoea resinosa [ncbi taxid: 49740]
  386. Xenia florida [ncbi taxid: ]
  387. Xenia obscuronata [ncbi taxid: ]
  388. Xiphias gladius [ncbi taxid: 8245]
  389. Zea mays [ncbi taxid: 4577]
  390. Zingiber officinale [ncbi taxid: 94328]
  391. Zyzzya fuliginosa [ncbi taxid: 1346156]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
BioCyc:LEISH_PWY-5651 tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
BioCyc:TRYPANO_PWY-5651 tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
BioCyc:CALBI_TRYPTOPHAN-DEGRADATION-1 tryptophan degradation via kynurenine
BioCyc:CALBI_COMPLETE-ARO-PWY superpathway of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
BioCyc:CALBI_TRPSYN-PWY tryptophan biosynthesis
BioCyc:LEISH_PWY-581 IAA biosynthesis I
BioCyc:LEISH_TRNA-CHARGING-PWY tRNA charging pathway
BioCyc:LEISH_PWY3IU-46 tryptophan degradation
BioCyc:TRYPANO_NADSYN-PWY NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)
BioCyc:CALBI_NADSYN-PWY NAD biosynthesis (from tryptophan)
BioCyc:TRYPANO_TRPCAT-PWY tryptophan degradation I (via anthranilate)
BioCyc:CALBI_TRNA-CHARGING-PWY tRNA charging pathway
BioCyc:LEISH_NADSYN-PWY NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)
BioCyc:LEISH_TRPCAT-PWY tryptophan degradation I (via anthranilate)
BioCyc:CALBI_PWY3O-214 tryptophan degradation
PathBank:SMP0000808 Inner Membrane Transport
PathBank:SMP0000820 tRNA Charging
PathBank:SMP0000824 tRNA Charging 2
PathBank:SMP0000835 Tryptophan Metabolism
PathBank:SMP0000981 Trp Operon
View All Pathways