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Heparan sulfate

|FRAME: Heparan-Sulfate "Heparan sulfate"| (also known as heparitin sulfate) is a member of the |FRAME: Glycosaminoglycans "glycosaminoglycan"| family. It consists of a variably sulfated repeating disaccharide unit composed of a hexuronic acid and a hexosamine.The most common repeating unit, which makes up around 50% of the total disaccharide units in heparan sulfate, is composed of |FRAME: CPD-12521| linked to |FRAME: CPD-12541|. In other units |FRAME: CPD-12521| may be substituted by |FRAME: CPD-12515| or its sulfated form |FRAME: CPD-12518|, and |FRAME: N-ACETYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINE| may be sulfated to |FRAME: CPD-12565|, or may be substituted by |FRAME: N-sulfo-D-glucosamine| or |FRAME: CPD-12533|.Heparan sulfate binds to specific proteins such as antithrombin and several growth factors, thereby regulating various biological processes including anticoagulation and angiogenesis |CITS: [9151776]|. The unique sulfation pattern of a monosaccharide sequence within HS is believed to be critical for binding to the target protein.The structure of heparan sulfate is very similar to that of |FRAME: HEPARIN|. Heparan sulfate contains lower amounts of sulfate and less iduronic acid than heparin |CITS: [5484472]|. In addition, heparan sulfates disaccharide units are organized into distinct sulfated and non-sulfated domains, while heparin disaccharides are sulfated randomly |CITS: [15047699]|. |FRAME: Heparan-Sulfate "Heparan sulfate"| chains comprise three different types of domains: S-domains that contain contiguous N-sulfated residues, unmodified N-acetyl-rich regions, and mixed transition zones between the S-domains and the unmodified segments. Only the S-domains have binding capacities for growth factors and other proteins |CITS: [11489926]|.