phytosterol biosynthesis (plants)
Benveniste P. Biosynthesis and accumulation of sterols. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2004;55():429–57. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141616. PMID: 15377227.; Schrick K, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Stierhof Y, Stransky H, Yoshida S, Jürgens G. A link between sterol biosynthesis, the cell wall, and cellulose in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal. 2004 Mar;38(2):227–43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02039.x.; Holmberg N, Harker M, Gibbard CL, Wallace AD, Clayton JC, Rawlins S, Hellyer A, Safford R. Sterol C-24 methyltransferase type 1 controls the flux of carbon into sterol biosynthesis in tobacco seed. Plant Physiol. 2002 Sep;130(1):303–11. PMID: 12226510; PMCID: PMC166563.; Clouse SD. Arabidopsis mutants reveal multiple roles for sterols in plant development. Plant Cell. 2002 Sep;14(9):1995–2000. PMID: 12215500; PMCID: PMC543216.; Schrick K, Mayer U, Martin G, Bellini C, Kuhnt C, Schmidt J, Jürgens G. Interactions between sterol biosynthesis genes in embryonic development of Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal. 2002 Jul;31(1):61–73. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01333.x.; Kushiro M, Nakano T, Sato K, Yamagishi K, Asami T, Nakano A, Takatsuto S, Fujioka S, Ebizuka Y, Yoshida S. Obtusifoliol 14a-Demethylase (CYP51) Antisense Arabidopsis Shows Slow Growth and Long Life. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2001 Jul;285(1):98–104. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5122.; Schaeffer A, Bronner R, Benveniste P, Schaller H. The ratio of campesterol to sitosterol that modulates growth in Arabidopsis is controlled by STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE 2;1. The Plant Journal. 2001 Mar;25(6):605–15. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00994.x.; Rondet S, Taton M, Rahier A. Identification, characterization, and partial purification of 4 alpha-carboxysterol-C3-dehydrogenase/ C4-decarboxylase from Zea mays. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Jun 15;366(2):249–60. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1218. PMID: 10356290.; Choe S, Noguchi T, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Tissier CP, Gregory BD, Ross AS, Tanaka A, Yoshida S, Tax FE, Feldmann KA. The Arabidopsis dwf7/ste1 Mutant Is Defective in the ?7 Sterol C-5 Desaturation Step Leading to Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis. Plant Cell. 1999 Feb;11(2):207–21. doi: 10.1105/tpc.11.2.207.; Grebenok RJ, Ohnmeiss TE, Yamamoto A, Huntley ED, Galbraith DW, Della Penna D. Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana C-8,7 sterol isomerase: functional and structural similarities to mammalian C-8,7 sterol isomerase/emopamil-binding protein. Plant Mol Biol. 1998 Nov;38(5):807–15. doi: 10.1023/a:1006028623875. PMID: 9862498.; Klahre U, Noguchi T, Fujioka S, Takatsuto S, Yokota T, Nomura T, Yoshida S, Chua N. The Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1 Gene Encodes a Protein Involved in Steroid Synthesis. Plant Cell. 1998 Oct;10(10):1677–90. doi: 10.1105/tpc.10.10.1677.; Pascal S, Taton M, Rahier A. Plant Sterol Biosynthesis: Identification of a NADPH Dependent Sterone Reductase Involved in Sterol-4 Demethylation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1994 Jul;312(1):260–71. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1308.; Taton M, Rahier A. Properties and structural requirements for substrate specificity of cytochrome P-450-dependent obtusifoliol 14 alpha-demethylase from maize (Zea mays) seedlings. Biochem J. 1991 Jul 15;277 ( Pt 2)():483–92. PMID: 1859375; PMCID: PMC1151260.
Metabolites
4alpha-Methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol
Formula: C29H46O (410.3548466)
CAS ID: 74635-33-9
Enzyme
| EC Number | name | full name | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.1.418 | plant 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) | 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) | |
| 1.14.18.11 | plant 4alpha-monomethylsterol monooxygenase | 24-ethylidenelophenol,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C-4alpha-methyl-hydroxylating) | |
| 1.14.18.9 | 4alpha-methylsterol monooxygenase | 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4alpha-methyl-hydroxylating) | |
| 1.14.19.20 | DELTA7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase | DELTA7-sterol,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase 5,6-dehydrogenating | |
| 1.14.19.41 | sterol 22-desaturase | ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (22,23-dehydrogenating) | |
| 1.3.1.21 | 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase | cholesterol:NADP+ DELTA7-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.3.1.70 | DELTA14-sterol reductase | 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP+ DELTA14-oxidoreductase | |
| 1.3.1.72 | DELTA24-sterol reductase | sterol:NADP+ DELTA24-oxidoreductase | |
| 2.1.1.143 | 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:24-methylenelophenol C-methyltransferase | |
| 2.1.1.41 | sterol 24-C-methyltransferase | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:zymosterol 24-C-methyltransferase | |
| 5.3.3.5 | cholestenol DELTA-isomerase | DELTA7-Cholestenol DELTA7-DELTA8-isomerase | |
| 5.5.1.9 | Cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase | Cycloeucalenol lyase (cyclopropane-decyclizing) |
Proteins
| Protein ID | name | full name |
|---|