Sphingolipid metabolism

Groux-Degroote S, Guérardel Y, Delannoy P. Gangliosides: Structures, Biosynthesis, Analysis, and Roles in Cancer. Chembiochem. 2017 Jul 04;18(13):1146–54. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201600705. PMID: 28295942.; Saito S, Matsui H, Kawano M, Kumagai K, Tomishige N, Hanada K, Echigo S, Tamura S, Kobayashi T. Protein phosphatase 2Cepsilon is an endoplasmic reticulum integral membrane protein that dephosphorylates the ceramide transport protein CERT to enhance its association with organelle membranes. J Biol Chem. 2008 Mar 07;283(10):6584–93. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m707691200. PMID: 18165232.; Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2008 Feb;9(2):139–50. doi: 10.1038/nrm2329.; Merrill AH. De Novo Sphingolipid Biosynthesis: A Necessary, but Dangerous, Pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002 Jul;277(29):25843–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.r200009200.

Metabolites

alpha-D-Galactose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 3646-73-9

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

Choline phosphate

Formula: C5H15NO4P (184.07386599999998)

CAS ID: 107-73-3

CO2

Formula: CO2 (43.98983)

CAS ID: 124-38-9

D-Glucose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 50-99-7

Ethanolamine phosphate

Formula: C2H8NO4P (141.0190938)

CAS ID: 1071-23-4

Fe2+

Formula: Fe (55.934939)

CAS ID: 15438-31-0

Fe3+

Formula: Fe (55.934939)

CAS ID: 7439-89-6

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Hexadecanal

Formula: C16H32O (240.2453022)

CAS ID: 629-80-1

Hexadecenal

Formula: C16H30O (238.22965299999998)

CAS ID: 3163-37-9

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Manganese(2+)

Formula: Mn (54.938046)

CAS ID: 7439-96-5

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine

Formula: C8H15NO6 (221.089933)

CAS ID: 14215-68-0

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Sulfate

Formula: H2SO4 (97.9673812)

CAS ID: 7664-93-9

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

Cer(d18:0/16:0)

Formula: C34H69NO3 (539.5277164)

CAS ID: 5966-29-0

Sphingosine(1+)

Formula: C18H38NO2 (300.2902388)

CAS ID:

hexadecanoate

Formula: C16H31O2 (255.2323926)

CAS ID: 143-20-4

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-)

Formula: C15H22N2O17P2 (564.0393702)

CAS ID:

UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine(2-)

Formula: C17H25N3O17P2 (605.0659180000001)

CAS ID:

NADH(2-)

Formula: C21H27N7O14P2 (663.1091182000001)

CAS ID:

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9

UDP(3-)

Formula: C9H11N2O12P2 (400.9787246)

CAS ID: 86527-70-0

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8

hydrosulfide

Formula: HS (32.979896600000004)

CAS ID: 15035-72-0



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.14.18.-
1.14.18.5 sphingolipid C4-monooxygenase dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4-hydroxylating)
1.14.19.17 sphingolipid 4-desaturase dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (4,5-dehydrogenating)
1.2.1.28 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.48 long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase long-chain-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.5 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.7 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) benzaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
1.2.1.94 farnesal dehydrogenase farnesal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2.3.1.50 serine C-palmitoyltransferase palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
2.4.1.206 lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
2.4.1.228 lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase UDP-galactose:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide 4II-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.274 glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase UDP-galactose:beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.47 N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase UDP-galactose:N-acylsphingosine D-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.62 ganglioside galactosyltransferase UDP-alpha-D-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
2.4.1.79 globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide III3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase
2.4.1.80 ceramide glucosyltransferase UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
2.4.1.92 (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide 4-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase
2.4.3.9 lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide alpha-(2->3)-N-acetylneuraminyltransferase
2.7.1.91 sphingosine kinase ATP:sphingoid base 1-phosphotransferase
2.7.8.27 sphingomyelin synthase ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
3.1.3.106 2-lysophosphatidate phosphatase 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.4 phosphatidate phosphatase diacylglycerol-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.4.12 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase
3.2.1.18 exo-alpha-sialidase acetylneuraminyl hydrolase
3.2.1.45 glucosylceramidase D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase
3.2.1.46 galactosylceramidase D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine galactohydrolase
3.5.1.23 ceramidase N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
3.6.1.75 diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase
4.1.2.27 sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name