pre-mRNA splicing

Townsend C, Leelaram MN, Agafonov DE, Dybkov O, Will CL, Bertram K, Urlaub H, Kastner B, Stark H, Lührmann R. Mechanism of protein-guided folding of the active site U2/U6 RNA during spliceosome activation. Science. 2020 Dec 18;370(6523). doi: 10.1126/science.abc3753. PMID: 33243851.; Fica SM. Cryo-EM snapshots of the human spliceosome reveal structural adaptions for splicing regulation. Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 2020 Dec;65():139–48. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.06.018.; Wilkinson ME, Charenton C, Nagai K. RNA Splicing by the Spliceosome. Annu Rev Biochem. 2020 Jun 20;89():359–88. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-091719-064225. PMID: 31794245.; Wan R, Bai R, Zhan X, Shi Y. How Is Precursor Messenger RNA Spliced by the Spliceosome? Annu Rev Biochem. 2020 Jun 20;89():333–58. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111024. PMID: 31815536.; Schlautmann LP, Gehring NH. A Day in the Life of the Exon Junction Complex. Biomolecules. 2020 Jun 05;10(6). PMID: 32517083; PMCID: PMC7355637.; Zhang Z, Will CL, Bertram K, Dybkov O, Hartmuth K, Agafonov DE, Hofele R, Urlaub H, Kastner B, Lührmann R, Stark H. Molecular architecture of the human 17S U2 snRNP. Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7815):310–3. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2344-3. PMID: 32494006.; Busetto V, Barbosa I, Basquin J, Marquenet É, Hocq R, Hennion M, Paternina JA, Namane A, Conti E, Bensaude O, Le Hir H. Structural and functional insights into CWC27/CWC22 heterodimer linking the exon junction complex to spliceosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Jun 04;48(10):5670–83. PMID: 32329775; PMCID: PMC7261170.; Studer MK, Ivanovic L, Weber ME, Marti S, Jonas S. Structural basis for DEAH-helicase activation by G-patch proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Mar 30;117(13):7159–70. PMID: 32179686; PMCID: PMC7132122.; Felisberto-Rodrigues C, Thomas JC, McAndrew C, Le Bihan YV, Burke R, Workman P, van Montfort RLM. Structural and functional characterisation of human RNA helicase DHX8 provides insights into the mechanism of RNA-stimulated ADP release. Biochem J. 2019 Sep 13;476(18):2521–43. doi: 10.1042/bcj20190383. PMID: 31409651.; Charenton C, Wilkinson ME, Nagai K. Mechanism of 5' splice site transfer for human spliceosome activation. Science. 2019 Apr 26;364(6438):362–7. PMID: 30975767; PMCID: PMC6525098.; Fica SM, Oubridge C, Wilkinson ME, Newman AJ, Nagai K. A human postcatalytic spliceosome structure reveals essential roles of metazoan factors for exon ligation. Science. 2019 Feb 15;363(6428):710–4. PMID: 30705154; PMCID: PMC6386133.; Kastner B, Will CL, Stark H, Lührmann R. Structural Insights into Nuclear pre-mRNA Splicing in Higher Eukaryotes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2019 Feb 14;11(11):a032417. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032417.; Zhang X, Zhan X, Yan C, Zhang W, Liu D, Lei J, Shi Y. Structures of the human spliceosomes before and after release of the ligated exon. Cell Research. 2019 Feb 06;29(4):274–85. doi: 10.1038/s41422-019-0143-x.; Yan C, Wan R, Shi Y. Molecular Mechanisms of pre-mRNA Splicing through Structural Biology of the Spliceosome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2019 Jan;11(1):a032409. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032409.; Zhan X, Yan C, Zhang X, Lei J, Shi Y. Structures of the human pre-catalytic spliceosome and its precursor spliceosome. Cell Research. 2018 Oct 12;28(12):1129–40. doi: 10.1038/s41422-018-0094-7.; Zhan X, Yan C, Zhang X, Lei J, Shi Y. Structure of a human catalytic step I spliceosome. Science. 2018 Feb 02;359(6375):537–45. doi: 10.1126/science.aar6401. PMID: 29301961.; Haselbach D, Komarov I, Agafonov DE, Hartmuth K, Graf B, Dybkov O, Urlaub H, Kastner B, Lührmann R, Stark H. Structure and Conformational Dynamics of the Human Spliceosomal Bact Complex. Cell. 2018 Jan 25;172(3):454–464.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.010. PMID: 29361316.; Zhang X, Yan C, Zhan X, Li L, Lei J, Shi Y. Structure of the human activated spliceosome in three conformational states. Cell Res. 2018 Mar;28(3):307–22. PMID: 29360106; PMCID: PMC5835773.; Bertram K, Agafonov DE, Dybkov O, Haselbach D, Leelaram MN, Will CL, Urlaub H, Kastner B, Lührmann R, Stark H. Cryo-EM Structure of a Pre-catalytic Human Spliceosome Primed for Activation. Cell. 2017 Aug 10;170(4):701–713.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.011. PMID: 28781166.; Zhang X, Yan C, Hang J, Finci LI, Lei J, Shi Y. An Atomic Structure of the Human Spliceosome. Cell. 2017 May 18;169(5):918–929.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.033. PMID: 28502770.; Zanini IM, Soneson C, Lorenzi LE, Azzalin CM. Human cactin interacts with DHX8 and SRRM2 to assure efficient pre-mRNA splicing and sister chromatid cohesion. J Cell Sci. 2017 Feb 15;130(4):767–78. doi: 10.1242/jcs.194068. PMID: 28062851.; Chen L, Weinmeister R, Kralovicova J, Eperon LP, Vorechovsky I, Hudson AJ, Eperon IC. Stoichiometries of U2AF35, U2AF65 and U2 snRNP reveal new early spliceosome assembly pathways. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Feb 27;45(4):2051–67. PMID: 27683217; PMCID: PMC5389562.; Boesler C, Rigo N, Anokhina MM, Tauchert MJ, Agafonov DE, Kastner B, Urlaub H, Ficner R, Will CL, Lührmann R. A spliceosome intermediate with loosely associated tri-snRNP accumulates in the absence of Prp28 ATPase activity. Nature Communications. 2016 Jul 05;7(1):11997. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11997.; Tan J, Ho JX, Zhong Z, Luo S, Chen G, Roca X. Noncanonical registers and base pairs in human 5' splice-site selection. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 May 05;44(8):3908–21. PMID: 26969736; PMCID: PMC4856993.; Crisci A, Raleff F, Bagdiul I, Raabe M, Urlaub H, Rain JC, Krämer A. Mammalian splicing factor SF1 interacts with SURP domains of U2 snRNP-associated proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Dec 02;43(21):10456–73. PMID: 26420826; PMCID: PMC4666396.; Kondo Y, Oubridge C, van Roon AM, Nagai K. Crystal structure of human U1 snRNP, a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle, reveals the mechanism of 5' splice site recognition. Elife. 2015 Jan 02;4(). PMID: 25555158; PMCID: PMC4383343.; Möhlmann S, Mathew R, Neumann P, Schmitt A, Lührmann R, Ficner R. Structural and functional analysis of the human spliceosomal DEAD-box helicase Prp28. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Jun;70(Pt 6):1622–30. PMID: 24914973; PMCID: PMC4051504.; Schmidt C, Grønborg M, Deckert J, Bessonov S, Conrad T, Lührmann R, Urlaub H. Mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of proteins in precatalytic and catalytically active spliceosomes by metabolic labeling (SILAC), chemical labeling (iTRAQ), and label-free spectral count. RNA. 2014 Mar;20(3):406–20. PMID: 24448447; PMCID: PMC3923134.; Yoshimoto R, Okawa K, Yoshida M, Ohno M, Kataoka N. Identification of a novel component C2ORF3 in the lariat–intron complex: lack of C2ORF3 interferes with pre-mRNA splicing via intron turnover pathway. Genes to Cells. 2013 Dec 04;19(1):78–87. doi: 10.1111/gtc.12114.; Ilagan JO, Chalkley RJ, Burlingame AL, Jurica MS. Rearrangements within human spliceosomes captured after exon ligation. RNA. 2013 Mar;19(3):400–12. PMID: 23345524; PMCID: PMC3677250.; Alexandrov A, Colognori D, Shu MD, Steitz JA. Human spliceosomal protein CWC22 plays a role in coupling splicing to exon junction complex deposition and nonsense-mediated decay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 26;109(52):21313–8. PMID: 23236153; PMCID: PMC3535618.; Chi B, Wang Q, Wu G, Tan M, Wang L, Shi M, Chang X, Cheng H. Aly and THO are required for assembly of the human TREX complex and association of TREX components with the spliced mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan;41(2):1294–306. PMID: 23222130; PMCID: PMC3553972.; Steckelberg AL, Boehm V, Gromadzka AM, Gehring NH. CWC22 connects pre-mRNA splicing and exon junction complex assembly. Cell Rep. 2012 Sep 27;2(3):454–61. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.017. PMID: 22959432.; Barbosa I, Haque N, Fiorini F, Barrandon C, Tomasetto C, Blanchette M, Le Hir H. Human CWC22 escorts the helicase eIF4AIII to spliceosomes and promotes exon junction complex assembly. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 2012 Sep 09;19(10):983–90. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2380.; Hegele A, Kamburov A, Grossmann A, Sourlis C, Wowro S, Weimann M, Will CL, Pena V, Lührmann R, Stelzl U. Dynamic protein-protein interaction wiring of the human spliceosome. Mol Cell. 2012 Feb 24;45(4):567–80. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.12.034. PMID: 22365833.; Makarov EM, Owen N, Bottrill A, Makarova OV. Functional mammalian spliceosomal complex E contains SMN complex proteins in addition to U1 and U2 snRNPs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Mar;40(6):2639–52. PMID: 22110043; PMCID: PMC3315330.; Agafonov DE, Deckert J, Wolf E, Odenwälder P, Bessonov S, Will CL, Urlaub H, Lührmann R. Semiquantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Human Spliceosome via a Novel Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Method. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2011 Jul 01;31(13):2667–82. doi: 10.1128/mcb.05266-11.; Will CL, Luhrmann R. Spliceosome Structure and Function. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2010 Dec 30;3(7):a003707. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003707.; Bessonov S, Anokhina M, Krasauskas A, Golas MM, Sander B, Will CL, Urlaub H, Stark H, Lührmann R. Characterization of purified human Bact spliceosomal complexes reveals compositional and morphological changes during spliceosome activation and first step catalysis. RNA. 2010 Oct 27;16(12):2384–403. doi: 10.1261/rna.2456210.; Gencheva M, Kato M, Newo AN, Lin RJ. Contribution of DEAH-box protein DHX16 in human pre-mRNA splicing. Biochem J. 2010 Jul 01;429(1):25–32. PMID: 20423332; PMCID: PMC3137565.; Wolf E, Kastner B, Deckert J, Merz C, Stark H, Lührmann R. Exon, intron and splice site locations in the spliceosomal B complex. EMBO J. 2009 Aug 05;28(15):2283–92. PMID: 19536130; PMCID: PMC2726701.; Yoshimoto R, Kataoka N, Okawa K, Ohno M. Isolation and characterization of post-splicing lariat-intron complexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Feb;37(3):891–902. PMID: 19103666; PMCID: PMC2647322.; Wen X, Tannukit S, Paine ML. TFIP11 interacts with mDEAH9, an RNA helicase involved in spliceosome disassembly. Int J Mol Sci. 2008 Nov;9(11):2105–13. PMID: 19165350; PMCID: PMC2629433.; Shen H, Zheng X, Shen J, Zhang L, Zhao R, Green MR. Distinct activities of the DExD/H-box splicing factor hUAP56 facilitate stepwise assembly of the spliceosome. Genes Dev. 2008 Jul 01;22(13):1796–803. PMID: 18593880; PMCID: PMC2492666.; Bessonov S, Anokhina M, Will CL, Urlaub H, Lührmann R. Isolation of an active step I spliceosome and composition of its RNP core. Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):846–50. doi: 10.1038/nature06842. PMID: 18322460.; Behzadnia N, Golas MM, Hartmuth K, Sander B, Kastner B, Deckert J, Dube P, Will CL, Urlaub H, Stark H, Lührmann R. Composition and three-dimensional EM structure of double affinity-purified, human prespliceosomal A complexes. EMBO J. 2007 Mar 21;26(6):1737–48. PMID: 17332742; PMCID: PMC1829389.; Merz C, Urlaub H, Will CL, Lührmann R. Protein composition of human mRNPs spliced in vitro and differential requirements for mRNP protein recruitment. RNA. 2007 Jan;13(1):116–28. PMID: 17095540; PMCID: PMC1705747.; Deckert J, Hartmuth K, Boehringer D, Behzadnia N, Will CL, Kastner B, Stark H, Urlaub H, Lührmann R. Protein Composition and Electron Microscopy Structure of Affinity-Purified Human Spliceosomal B Complexes Isolated under Physiological Conditions. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2006 Jul 01;26(14):5528–43. doi: 10.1128/mcb.00582-06.; Kataoka N, Dreyfuss G. A Simple Whole Cell Lysate System for in Vitro Splicing Reveals a Stepwise Assembly of the Exon-Exon Junction Complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Feb;279(8):7009–13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m307692200.; Xu YZ, Newnham CM, Kameoka S, Huang T, Konarska MM, Query CC. Prp5 bridges U1 and U2 snRNPs and enables stable U2 snRNP association with intron RNA. EMBO J. 2004 Jan 28;23(2):376–85. PMID: 14713954; PMCID: PMC1271757.; Makarov EM, Makarova OV, Urlaub H, Gentzel M, Will CL, Wilm M, Lührmann R. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein remodeling during catalytic activation of the spliceosome. Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2205–8. doi: 10.1126/science.1077783. PMID: 12411573.; Hartmuth K, Urlaub H, Vornlocher HP, Will CL, Gentzel M, Wilm M, Lührmann R. Protein composition of human prespliceosomes isolated by a tobramycin affinity-selection method. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16719–24. PMID: 12477934; PMCID: PMC139210.; Reichert VL, Le Hir H, Jurica MS, Moore MJ. 5' exon interactions within the human spliceosome establish a framework for exon junction complex structure and assembly. Genes Dev. 2002 Nov 01;16(21):2778–91. PMID: 12414731; PMCID: PMC187475.; Rappsilber J, Ryder U, Lamond AI, Mann M. Large-scale proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome. Genome Res. 2002 Aug;12(8):1231–45. PMID: 12176931; PMCID: PMC186633.; Jurica MS, Licklider LJ, Gygi SR, Grigorieff N, Moore MJ. Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis. RNA. 2002 Apr;8(4):426–39. PMID: 11991638; PMCID: PMC1370266.; Ismaïli N, Sha M, Gustafson EH, Konarska MM. The 100-kda U5 snRNP protein (hPrp28p) contacts the 5' splice site through its ATPase site. RNA. 2001 Feb;7(2):182–93. PMID: 11233976; PMCID: PMC1370077.; Ajuh P, Kuster B, Panov K, Zomerdijk JC, Mann M, Lamond AI. Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry. EMBO J. 2000 Dec 01;19(23):6569–81. PMID: 11101529; PMCID: PMC305846.; Zhou Z, Luo MJ, Straesser K, Katahira J, Hurt E, Reed R. The protein Aly links pre-messenger-RNA splicing to nuclear export in metazoans. Nature. 2000 Sep 21;407(6802):401–5. doi: 10.1038/35030160. PMID: 11014198.; Das R, Zhou Z, Reed R. Functional association of U2 snRNP with the ATP-independent spliceosomal complex E. Mol Cell. 2000 May;5(5):779–87. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80318-4. PMID: 10882114.; Deutsch M, Long M. Intron-exon structures of eukaryotic model organisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Aug 01;27(15):3219–28. PMID: 10454621; PMCID: PMC148551.; Neubauer G, King A, Rappsilber J, Calvio C, Watson M, Ajuh P, Sleeman J, Lamond A, Mann M. Mass spectrometry and EST-database searching allows characterization of the multi-protein spliceosome complex. Nat Genet. 1998 Sep;20(1):46–50. doi: 10.1038/1700. PMID: 9731529.; Ortlepp D, Laggerbauer B, Müllner S, Achsel T, Kirschbaum B, Lührmann R. The mammalian homologue of Prp16p is overexpressed in a cell line tolerant to Leflunomide, a new immunoregulatory drug effective against rheumatoid arthritis. RNA. 1998 Aug;4(8):1007–18. PMID: 9701291; PMCID: PMC1369677.; Laggerbauer B, Achsel T, Lührmann R. The human U5-200kD DEXH-box protein unwinds U4/U6 RNA duplicesin vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998 Apr 14;95(8):4188–92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4188.; Zhou Z, Reed R. Human homologs of yeast prp16 and prp17 reveal conservation of the mechanism for catalytic step II of pre-mRNA splicing. EMBO J. 1998 Apr 01;17(7):2095–106. PMID: 9524131; PMCID: PMC1170554.; Fleckner J, Zhang M, Valcárcel J, Green MR. U2AF65 recruits a novel human DEAD box protein required for the U2 snRNP-branchpoint interaction. Genes Dev. 1997 Jul 15;11(14):1864–72. doi: 10.1101/gad.11.14.1864. PMID: 9242493.; Hong W, Bennett M, Xiao Y, Feld Kramer R, Wang C, Reed R. Association of U2 snRNP with the spliceosomal complex E. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Jan 15;25(2):354–61. PMID: 9016565; PMCID: PMC146436.; Ohno M, Shimura Y. A human RNA helicase-like protein, HRH1, facilitates nuclear export of spliced mRNA by releasing the RNA from the spliceosome. Genes Dev. 1996 Apr 15;10(8):997–1007. doi: 10.1101/gad.10.8.997. PMID: 8608946.; Hausner TP, Giglio LM, Weiner AM. Evidence for base-pairing between mammalian U2 and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Genes Dev. 1990 Dec;4(12A):2146–56. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.12a.2146. PMID: 2176635.; Wu J, Manley JL. Mammalian pre-mRNA branch site selection by U2 snRNP involves base pairing. Genes Dev. 1989 Oct;3(10):1553–61. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.10.1553. PMID: 2558966.; Lamond AI, Konarska MM, Grabowski PJ, Sharp PA. Spliceosome assembly involves the binding and release of U4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(2):411–5. PMID: 2963332; PMCID: PMC279558.; Zhuang Y, Weiner AM. A compensatory base change in U1 snRNA suppresses a 5' splice site mutation. Cell. 1986 Sep 12;46(6):827–35. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90064-4. PMID: 3757028.

Metabolites

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
3.6.4.-
2.3.2.27 RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine:[acceptor protein] ubiquitin transferase (isopeptide bond-forming; RING-type)
3.6.4.13 RNA helicase
5.2.1.8 peptidylprolyl isomerase Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name