Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins

Shearer MJ, Fu X, Booth SL. Vitamin K Nutrition, Metabolism, and Requirements: Current Concepts and Future Research. Advances in Nutrition. 2012 Mar;3(2):182–95. doi: 10.3945/an.111.001800.; Harrison EH. Mechanisms of digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25():87–103. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092614. PMID: 16011460.; Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. Vitamin D. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2005 Jul;289(1):F8–F28. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00336.2004.

Metabolites

all-trans-10'-Apo-beta-carotenal

Formula: C27H36O (376.2766006)

CAS ID: 640-49-3

all-trans-13,14-Dihydroretinol

Formula: C20H32O (288.24530219999997)

CAS ID: 115797-14-3

alpha-Tocopherol

Formula: C29H50O2 (430.38106)

CAS ID: 59-02-9

beta-Carotene

Formula: C40H56 (536.4381776)

CAS ID: 7235-40-7

beta-Ionone

Formula: C13H20O (192.151407)

CAS ID: 79-77-6

Cholesterol

Formula: C27H46O (386.3548466)

CAS ID: 57-88-5

Fe2+

Formula: Fe (55.934939)

CAS ID: 15438-31-0

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Menadione

Formula: C11H8O2 (172.0524268)

CAS ID: 58-27-5

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Retinal

Formula: C20H28O (284.2140038)

CAS ID: 116-31-4

Retinol

Formula: C20H30O (286.229653)

CAS ID: 68-26-8

Retinyl palmitate

Formula: C36H60O2 (524.459306)

CAS ID: 79-81-2

Menatetrenone

Formula: C31H40O2 (444.302814)

CAS ID: 863-61-6

hexadecanoate

Formula: C16H31O2 (255.2323926)

CAS ID: 143-20-4

2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate(3-)

Formula: C20H33O7P2 (447.1701428)

CAS ID:

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

NADH(2-)

Formula: C21H27N7O14P2 (663.1091182000001)

CAS ID:

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.13.11.-
1.1.1.300 NADP-retinol dehydrogenase retinol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
1.13.11.63 beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase beta-carotene:oxygen 15,15'-dioxygenase (bond-cleaving)
1.13.11.71 carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase all-trans-beta-carotene:O2 oxidoreductase (9',10'-cleaving)
1.17.4.4 vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) phylloquinone:disulfide oxidoreductase
1.3.99.23 all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol:acceptor 13,14-oxidoreductase
2.3.1.135 phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acyltransferase phosphatidylcholine:retinol---[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] O-acyltransferase
2.5.1.39 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase polyprenyl-diphosphate:4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase
3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
3.1.1.4 phospholipase A2 phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
3.1.1.5 lysophospholipase 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name