Signaling by MET

Petrini I. Biology of MET: a double life between normal tissue repair and tumor progression. Ann Transl Med. 2015 Apr;3(6):82. PMID: 25992381; PMCID: PMC4416948.; Murray DW, Didier S, Chan A, Paulino V, Van Aelst L, Ruggieri R, Tran NL, Byrne AT, Symons M. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock7 mediates HGF-induced glioblastoma cell invasion via Rac activation. British Journal of Cancer. 2014 Feb 11;110(5):1307–15. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.39.; Gherardi E, Birchmeier W, Birchmeier C, Vande Woude G. Targeting MET in cancer: rationale and progress. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Jan 24;12(2):89–103. doi: 10.1038/nrc3205. PMID: 22270953.; Trusolino L, Bertotti A, Comoglio PM. MET signalling: principles and functions in development, organ regeneration and cancer. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2010 Nov 23;11(12):834–48. doi: 10.1038/nrm3012.; Chen TH, Chan PC, Chen CL, Chen HC. Phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase on tyrosine 194 by Met leads to its activation through relief of autoinhibition. Oncogene. 2011 Jan 13;30(2):153–66. doi: 10.1038/onc.2010.398. PMID: 20802513.; A Correction to the Research Article Titled: 'Only a Subset of Met-Activated Pathways Are Required to Sustain Oncogene Addiction' by A. Bertotti, M. F. Burbridge, S. Gastaldi, F. Galimi, D. Torti, E. Medico, S. Giordano, S. Corso, G. Rolland-Valognes, B. P. Lockhart, J. A. Hickman, P. M. Comoglio, L. Trusolino. Sci. Signal. 2009 Dec 22;2(102). doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2102er11.; Chan PC, Sudhakar JN, Lai CC, Chen HC. Differential phosphorylation of the docking protein Gab1 by c-Src and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor regulates different aspects of cell functions. Oncogene. 2010 Feb 04;29(5):698–710. doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.363. PMID: 19881549.; Palamidessi A, Frittoli E, Garré M, Faretta M, Mione M, Testa I, Diaspro A, Lanzetti L, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytic trafficking of Rac is required for the spatial restriction of signaling in cell migration. Cell. 2008 Jul 11;134(1):135–47. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.05.034. PMID: 18614017.; Niemann HH, Jäger V, Butler PJ, van den Heuvel J, Schmidt S, Ferraris D, Gherardi E, Heinz DW. Structure of the human receptor tyrosine kinase met in complex with the Listeria invasion protein InlB. Cell. 2007 Jul 27;130(2):235–46. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.037. PMID: 17662939.; Chmielowiec J, Borowiak M, Morkel M, Stradal T, Munz B, Werner S, Wehland J, Birchmeier C, Birchmeier W. c-Met is essential for wound healing in the skin. J Cell Biol. 2007 Apr 09;177(1):151–62. PMID: 17403932; PMCID: PMC2064119.; Chen SY, Chen HC. Direct interaction of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with Met is required for FAK to promote hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell invasion. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jul;26(13):5155–67. PMID: 16782899; PMCID: PMC1489146.; Smolen GA, Sordella R, Muir B, Mohapatra G, Barmettler A, Archibald H, Kim WJ, Okimoto RA, Bell DW, Sgroi DC, Christensen JG, Settleman J, Haber DA. Amplification of MET may identify a subset of cancers with extreme sensitivity to the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor PHA-665752. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006 Feb 06;103(7):2316–21. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508776103.; Veiga E, Cossart P. Listeria hijacks the clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery to invade mammalian cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Sep;7(9):894–900. doi: 10.1038/ncb1292. PMID: 16113677.; Kirchhofer D, Yao X, Peek M, Eigenbrot C, Lipari MT, Billeci KL, Maun HR, Moran P, Santell L, Wiesmann C, Lazarus RA. Structural and functional basis of the serine protease-like hepatocyte growth factor beta-chain in Met binding and signaling. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 17;279(38):39915–24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m404795200. PMID: 15218027.; Hays JL, Watowich SJ. Oligomerization-dependent changes in the thermodynamic properties of the TPR-MET receptor tyrosine kinase. Biochemistry. 2004 Aug 17;43(32):10570–8. doi: 10.1021/bi0363275. PMID: 15301554.; Borowiak M, Garratt AN, Wüstefeld T, Strehle M, Trautwein C, Birchmeier C. Met provides essential signals for liver regeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004 Jul 12;101(29):10608–13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0403412101.; Liu Y. Hepatocyte growth factor in kidney fibrosis: therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2004 Jul;287(1):F7–F16. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00451.2003.; Stamos J, Lazarus RA, Yao X, Kirchhofer D, Wiesmann C. Crystal structure of the HGF beta-chain in complex with the Sema domain of the Met receptor. EMBO J. 2004 Jun 16;23(12):2325–35. PMID: 15167892; PMCID: PMC423285.; Huh C, Factor VM, Sánchez A, Uchida K, Conner EA, Thorgeirsson SS. Hepatocyte growth factor/c-metsignaling pathway is required for efficient liver regeneration and repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004 Mar 30;101(13):4477–82. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0306068101.; Birchmeier C, Birchmeier W, Gherardi E, Vande Woude GF. Met, metastasis, motility and more. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2003 Dec 01;4(12):915–25. doi: 10.1038/nrm1261.; Helmbacher F, Dessaud E, Arber S, deLapeyrière O, Henderson CE, Klein R, Maina F. Met signaling is required for recruitment of motor neurons to PEA3-positive motor pools. Neuron. 2003 Aug 28;39(5):767–77. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00493-8. PMID: 12948444.; Pennacchietti S, Michieli P, Galluzzo M, Mazzone M, Giordano S, Comoglio PM. Hypoxia promotes invasive growth by transcriptional activation of the met protooncogene. Cancer Cell. 2003 Apr;3(4):347–61. doi: 10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00085-0. PMID: 12726861.; Wang D, Li Z, Messing EM, Wu G. Activation of Ras/Erk Pathway by a Novel MET-interacting Protein RanBPM. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002 Sep;277(39):36216–22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m205111200.; Lamorte L, Royal I, Naujokas M, Park M. Crk adapter proteins promote an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition and are required for HGF-mediated cell spreading and breakdown of epithelial adherens junctions. Mol Biol Cell. 2002 May;13(5):1449–61. PMID: 12006644; PMCID: PMC111118.; Maina F, Panté G, Helmbacher F, Andres R, Porthin A, Davies AM, Ponzetto C, Klein R. Coupling Met to specific pathways results in distinct developmental outcomes. Mol Cell. 2001 Jun;7(6):1293–306. doi: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00261-1. PMID: 11430831.; Shen Y, Naujokas M, Park M, Ireton K. InIB-dependent internalization of Listeria is mediated by the Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Cell. 2000 Oct 27;103(3):501–10. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00141-0. PMID: 11081636.; Schaeper U, Gehring NH, Fuchs KP, Sachs M, Kempkes B, Birchmeier W. Coupling of Gab1 to c-Met, Grb2, and Shp2 mediates biological responses. J Cell Biol. 2000 Jun 26;149(7):1419–32. PMID: 10871282; PMCID: PMC2175135.; Sakkab D, Lewitzky M, Posern G, Schaeper U, Sachs M, Birchmeier W, Feller SM. Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF) to the Small GTPase Rap1 via the Large Docking Protein Gab1 and the Adapter Protein CRKL. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000 Apr;275(15):10772–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.15.10772.; Gual P, Giordano S, Williams TA, Rocchi S, Van Obberghen E, Comoglio PM. Sustained recruitment of phospholipase C-gamma to Gab1 is required for HGF-induced branching tubulogenesis. Oncogene. 2000 Mar 16;19(12):1509–18. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203514. PMID: 10734310.; Rodrigues GA, Falasca M, Zhang Z, Ong SH, Schlessinger J. A Novel Positive Feedback Loop Mediated by the Docking Protein Gab1 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2000 Feb 01;20(4):1448–59. doi: 10.1128/mcb.20.4.1448-1459.2000.; Beviglia L, Kramer RH. HGF induces FAK activation and integrin-mediated adhesion in MTLn3 breast carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer. 1999 Nov 26;83(5):640–9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991126)83:5<640::aid-ijc13>3.0.co;2-d. PMID: 10521801.; Maina F, Hilton MC, Ponzetto C, Davies AM, Klein R. Met receptor signaling is required for sensory nerve development and HGF promotes axonal growth and survival of sensory neurons. Genes Dev. 1997 Dec 15;11(24):3341–50. PMID: 9407027; PMCID: PMC316818.; Schmidt L, Duh FM, Chen F, Kishida T, Glenn G, Choyke P, Scherer SW, Zhuang Z, Lubensky I, Dean M, Allikmets R, Chidambaram A, Bergerheim UR, Feltis JT, Casadevall C, Zamarron A, Bernues M, Richard S, Lips CJ, Walther MM, Tsui LC, Geil L, Orcutt ML, Stackhouse T, Lipan J, Slife L, Brauch H, Decker J, Niehans G, Hughson MD, Moch H, Storkel S, Lerman MI, Linehan WM, Zbar B. Germline and somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the MET proto-oncogene in papillary renal carcinomas. 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The motogenic and mitogenic responses to HGF are amplified by the Shc adaptor protein. Oncogene. 1995 Apr 20;10(8):1631–8. PMID: 7731718.; Weidner KM, Sachs M, Riethmacher D, Birchmeier W. Mutation of juxtamembrane tyrosine residue 1001 suppresses loss-of-function mutations of the met receptor in epithelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1995 Mar 28;92(7):2597–601. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2597.; Schmidt C, Bladt F, Goedecke S, Brinkmann V, Zschiesche W, Sharpe M, Gherardi E, Birchmeier C. Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor is essential for liver development. Nature. 1995 Feb 23;373(6516):699–702. doi: 10.1038/373699a0. PMID: 7854452.; Uehara Y, Minowa O, Mori C, Shiota K, Kuno J, Noda T, Kitamura N. Placental defect and embryonic lethality in mice lacking hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. Nature. 1995 Feb 23;373(6516):702–5. doi: 10.1038/373702a0. PMID: 7854453.; Rodrigues GA, Park M. Autophosphorylation modulates the kinase activity and oncogenic potential of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Oncogene. 1994 Jul;9(7):2019–27. PMID: 8208547.; Ponzetto C, Bardelli A, Zhen Z, Maina F, dalla Zonca P, Giordano S, Graziani A, Panayotou G, Comoglio PM. A multifunctional docking site mediates signaling and transformation by the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor receptor family. Cell. 1994 Apr 22;77(2):261–71. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90318-2. PMID: 7513258.; Longati P, Bardelli A, Ponzetto C, Naldini L, Comoglio PM. Tyrosines1234-1235 are critical for activation of the tyrosine kinase encoded by the MET proto-oncogene (HGF receptor). Oncogene. 1994 Jan;9(1):49–57. PMID: 8302603.; Weidner KM, Sachs M, Birchmeier W. The Met receptor tyrosine kinase transduces motility, proliferation, and morphogenic signals of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor in epithelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;121(1):145–54. PMID: 8384622; PMCID: PMC2119778.; Ferracini R, Longati P, Naldini L, Vigna E, Comoglio PM. Identification of the major autophosphorylation site of the Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1991 Oct;266(29):19558–64. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55031-6.; Naldini L, Vigna E, Narsimhan RP, Gaudino G, Zarnegar R, Michalopoulos GK, Comoglio PM. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor encoded by the proto-oncogene c-MET. Oncogene. 1991 Apr;6(4):501–4. PMID: 1827664.; Bottaro DP, Rubin JS, Faletto DL, Chan AM, Kmiecik TE, Vande Woude GF, Aaronson SA. Identification of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor as the c-met proto-oncogene product. Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):802–4. doi: 10.1126/science.1846706. PMID: 1846706.; Park M, Dean M, Cooper CS, Schmidt M, O'Brien SJ, Blair DG, Vande Woude GF. Mechanism of met oncogene activation. 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Metabolites

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.7.10.2 non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific)
3.6.5.2 small monomeric GTPase GTP phosphohydrolase (cell-regulating)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name