Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade

Takeshita F, Gursel I, Ishii KJ, Suzuki K, Gursel M, Klinman DM. Signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction of CpG DNA with Toll-like receptor 9. Semin Immunol. 2004 Feb;16(1):17–22. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.009. PMID: 14751759.; Takeshita F, Leifer CA, Gursel I, Ishii KJ, Takeshita S, Gursel M, Klinman DM. Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 9 in CpG DNA-induced activation of human cells. J Immunol. 2001 Oct 01;167(7):3555–8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.3555. PMID: 11564765.; Bauer S, Kirschning CJ, Häcker H, Redecke V, Hausmann S, Akira S, Wagner H, Lipford GB. Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001 Jul 24;98(16):9237–42. doi: 10.1073/pnas.161293498.; Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H, Matsumoto M, Hoshino K, Wagner H, Takeda K, Akira S. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature. 2000 Dec 07;408(6813):740–5. doi: 10.1038/35047123. PMID: 11130078.; Häcker H, Mischak H, Miethke T, Liptay S, Schmid R, Sparwasser T, Heeg K, Lipford GB, Wagner H. CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation. EMBO J. 1998 Nov 02;17(21):6230–40. PMID: 9799232; PMCID: PMC1170949.; Krieg AM, Yi AK, Matson S, Waldschmidt TJ, Bishop GA, Teasdale R, Koretzky GA, Klinman DM. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Nature. 1995 Apr 06;374(6522):546–9. doi: 10.1038/374546a0. PMID: 7700380.

Metabolites

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
3.1.-.-
2.3.2.23 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine:[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme] ubiquitinyl transferase
2.3.2.27 RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine:[acceptor protein] ubiquitin transferase (isopeptide bond-forming; RING-type)
2.7.1.137 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase
2.7.11.1 non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific)
2.7.11.10 IkappaB kinase ATP:[IkappaB protein] phosphotransferase
2.7.11.22 cyclin-dependent kinase ATP:cyclin phosphotransferase
2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated)
2.7.11.25 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKKKK-activated)
3.1.3.16 protein-serine/threonine phosphatase protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.1.3.48 protein-tyrosine-phosphatase protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase
3.4.19.12 ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1
3.4.22.61 caspase-8


Proteins

Protein ID name full name