Regulation of insulin secretion

Muoio DM, Newgard CB. Mechanisms of disease:Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Mar;9(3):193–205. doi: 10.1038/nrm2327. PMID: 18200017.; Wiederkehr A, Wollheim CB. Minireview: implication of mitochondria in insulin secretion and action. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6):2643–9. doi: 10.1210/en.2006-0057. PMID: 16556766.; MacDonald PE, Joseph JW, Rorsman P. Glucose-sensing mechanisms in pancreatic beta-cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2005 Dec 29;360(1464):2211–25. PMID: 16321791; PMCID: PMC1569593.; Bratanova-Tochkova TK, Cheng H, Daniel S, Gunawardana S, Liu YJ, Mulvaney-Musa J, Schermerhorn T, Straub SG, Yajima H, Sharp GW. Triggering and augmentation mechanisms, granule pools, and biphasic insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2002 Feb;51 Suppl 1():S83–90. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s83. PMID: 11815463.; Henquin JC. Triggering and amplifying pathways of regulation of insulin secretion by glucose. Diabetes. 2000 Nov;49(11):1751–60. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.11.1751. PMID: 11078440.

Metabolites

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

D-Glucose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 50-99-7

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Magnesium cation

Formula: Mg (23.98505)

CAS ID: 22537-22-0

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:

3',5'-cyclic AMP(1-)

Formula: C10H11N5O6P (328.0446936)

CAS ID: 62906-31-4



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.7.11.13 protein kinase C ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent)
3.6.5.2 small monomeric GTPase GTP phosphohydrolase (cell-regulating)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name