SARS-CoV-1 Genome Replication and Transcription

Fung TS, Liu DX. Human Coronavirus: Host-Pathogen Interaction. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2019 Sep 08;73():529–57. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115759. PMID: 31226023.; Snijder EJ, Decroly E, Ziebuhr J. The Nonstructural Proteins Directing Coronavirus RNA Synthesis and Processing. Adv Virus Res. 2016;96():59–126. PMID: 27712628; PMCID: PMC7112286.; Wu CH, Chen PJ, Yeh SH. Nucleocapsid phosphorylation and RNA helicase DDX1 recruitment enables coronavirus transition from discontinuous to continuous transcription. Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Oct 08;16(4):462–72. PMID: 25299332; PMCID: PMC7104987.; Tan YW, Hong W, Liu DX. Binding of the 5'-untranslated region of coronavirus RNA to zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA-binding motif 1 enhances viral replication and transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jun;40(11):5065–77. PMID: 22362731; PMCID: PMC3367200.; Zúñiga S, Cruz JL, Sola I, Mateos-Gómez PA, Palacio L, Enjuanes L. Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein facilitates template switching and is required for efficient transcription. J Virol. 2010 Feb;84(4):2169–75. PMID: 19955314; PMCID: PMC2812394.; Wu C, Yeh S, Tsay Y, Shieh Y, Kao C, Chen Y, Wang S, Kuo T, Chen D, Chen P. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Regulates the Phosphorylation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein and Viral Replication. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2009 Feb;284(8):5229–39. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m805747200.; Zúñiga S, Sola I, Moreno JL, Sabella P, Plana-Durán J, Enjuanes L. Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein is an RNA chaperone. Virology. 2007 Jan 20;357(2):215–27. PMID: 16979208; PMCID: PMC7111943.; Masters PS. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Adv Virus Res. 2006;66():193–292. PMID: 16877062; PMCID: PMC7112330.; Luo H, Chen Q, Chen J, Chen K, Shen X, Jiang H. The nucleocapsid protein of SARS coronavirus has a high binding affinity to the human cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1. FEBS Letters. 2005 Apr 09;579(12):2623–8. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.03.080.; Nanda SK, Leibowitz JL. Mitochondrial aconitase binds to the 3'-UTR of mouse hepatitis virus RNA. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;494():603–8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1325-4_89. PMID: 11774532.; Spagnolo JF, Hogue BG. Host Protein Interactions with the 3' End of Bovine Coronavirus RNA and the Requirement of the Poly(A) Tail for Coronavirus Defective Genome Replication. J Virol. 2000 Jun;74(11):5053–65. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.11.5053-5065.2000.

Metabolites

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

GTP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O14P3 (518.9593642)

CAS ID: 86527-72-2

ADP(3-)

Formula: C10H12N5O10P2 (424.0059412)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.1.1.-
2.1.1.56 mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase
2.1.1.57 methyltransferase cap1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5-(N7-methyl 5-triphosphoguanosine)-(ribonucleotide)-[mRNA] 2-O-methyltransferase
2.7.7.48 RNA-directed RNA polymerase nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
2.7.7.50 mRNA guanylyltransferase GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase
3.4.19.12 ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1
3.4.22.69 SARS coronavirus main proteinase
3.6.4.12 DNA helicase
3.6.4.13 RNA helicase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name