数据之源，洞见之始

Kinoprene is a farnesane sesquiterpenoid and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as a juvenile hormone mimic.

Stearidonic acid is found in dietary plant oils which are metabolized to longer-chain, more unsaturated (n-3) PUFA. These oils appear to possess hypotriglyceridemic properties typically associated with fish oils.(PMID: 15173404). Stearidonic acid may be used as a precursor to increase the EPA content of human lipids and that combinations of gamma-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid eicosapentaenoic acid can be used to manipulate the fatty acid compositions of lipid pools in subtle ways. Such effects may offer new strategies for manipulation of cell composition in order to influence cellular responses and functions in desirable ways. (PMID: 15120716).

19-Norandrosterone, also known as (3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxyestran-17-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. Thus, 19-norandrosterone is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule. 19-Norandrosterone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 19-Norandrosterone is one of the main urinary metabolites of the prohormone 19-norandrostenediol. Prohormones such as 19-norandrostenediol have been added to the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency because they are metabolized into the common nandrolone metabolites norandrosterone and noretiocholanolone (PMID: 16714373).

19-Nor-5-androstenediol is an androgen steroid that has been found to be part of nutritional supplements that are commercialized as nandrolone-free. Some reports regarding nandrolone-positive cases have been related to intake of some of these supplements. Nandrolone is the most frequently abused substance in doping control because it does not convert to estrogens and does not have and androgenic side effects. For this reason, one the major metabolites of nandrolone, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) have been used as determinants for doping of nandrolone. However, there are situations where the occurrence of nandrolone metabolites is a phenomenon not necessarily associated with doping: a) in human ovarian follicular fluid is a possible intermediate in the multistep enzymatic conversion of androgen to estrogen, b) during the course of pregnancy, 19-NA increases in urine, c) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) also stimulates 19-NA excretion in urine, d) exercise has been shown to affect the urinary excretion of nandrolone metabolites such as 19-NA, e) 19-NA is a minor metabolite of oral contraceptives such as norethisterone. Furthermore, 19-NA is the main urinary metabolite of 19-Nor-5-androstenediol. Nevertheless, the prevalence of nandrolone abuse is evident; internationally, 212 cases were found in 1995 and 232 cases were found in 1996. From 1998 to 2001, nandrolone-positive findings reported by the IOC-accredited laboratories ranged from 0.17% to 0.65%. (PMID: 15902981).

19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) is one of the two main indicators used to prove the illegal use of nandrolone by humans. Recent studies showed that 19-NE can be endogenously produced in some individuals. The mediated cases observed over the last years generated some questions about the appropriateness of the official International Olympic Committee cutoff level, which is 2 ng/mL of 19-NA in male urine samples. In 1997, in France, quite a few sportsmen had concentrations of nandrolone metabolites very close to the IOC cut off limit (2ng/ml). At that time, a debate took place about the capability of the human male body to produce by itself these metabolites without any intake of nandrolone or related compounds. The International Football Federation (FIFA) was very concerned with this problem, especially because the World Cup was about to start in France. Concentrations of 19- noretiocholanolone after a game are generally higher than those before games. Recent studies demonstrated the endogenous production of these compounds in man at concentrations very close to the threshold of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), i.e. 2 ng/ml. Because the possibility of reaching or exceeding this fateful limit is difficult to exclude, a complementary biochemical parameter is necessary for the differentiation of endogenous 19-NE production from residues resulting from nandrolone consumption. (PMID: 11888015, 11755174).

Phenethyl decanoate is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]")

4,8,12,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid is found in fishes. 4,8,12,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid is isolated from sardine oi

(E,E)-11,13-Octadecadien-9-ynoic acid is found in fruits. (E,E)-11,13-Octadecadien-9-ynoic acid is a constituent of the root lipids of the famine food Ximenia americana. Also from Santalum acuminatum (quandong)

17beta-hydroxy-5beta-estran-3-one is also known as (5beta,17beta)-17-Hydroxyestran-3-one or 17b-Hydroxy-19-nor-5b-androstan-3-one. 17beta-hydroxy-5beta-estran-3-one is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and basic

Octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid is a natural product found in Cladosiphon okamuranus, Echium plantagineum, and other organisms with data available.

9,12-octadecadiynoic acid

Parinaric acid is an octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15. Parinaric acid is a natural product found in Impatiens balsamina with data available. Parinaric Acid is a polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid with an 18-carbon backbone and 4 double bonds originating from the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th positions from the methyl end.

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is estr-4-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at positions 3 and 17. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid that is used as a dietary supplement by athletes to enhance performance." []

Octadeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid is a natural product found in Hymenomonas, Arbacia punctulata, and Cystoclonium purpureum with data available.

3,6-octadecadiynoic acid

8,10-octadecadiynoic acid