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Metabolite Card

Note

5'-Methylthioadenosine, also known as MTA or thiomethyladenosine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 5'-deoxy-5'-thionucleosides. These are 5'-deoxyribonucleosides in which the ribose is thio-substituted at the 5'position by a S-alkyl group. 5'-Methylthioadenosine is metabolized solely by MTA-phosphorylase, to yield 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate and adenine, a crucial step in the methionine and purine salvage pathways, respectively. 5'-Methylthioadenosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing nucleoside present in all mammalian tissues. Within humans, 5'-methylthioadenosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 5'-methylthioadenosine and spermidine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethioninamine and putrescine through the action of the enzyme spermidine synthase. In addition, 5'-methylthioadenosine can be converted into 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate and L-methionine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase. It is produced from S-adenosylmethionine mainly through the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, where it behaves as a powerful inhibitory product. For instance, 5'-Methylthioadenosine has been shown to influence the regulation of gene expression, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (PMID:15313459). In humans, 5'-methylthioadenosine is involved in the metabolic disorder called hypermethioninemia. Outside of the human body, 5'-Methylthioadenosine has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as soursops, allspices, summer grapes, alaska wild rhubarbs, and breadfruits. Elevated excretion appears in children with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) (PMID:3987052). Evidence suggests that 5'-Methylthioadenosine can affect cellular processes in many ways. 5'-Methylthioadenosine can be found in human urine.