Ascorbic acid (BioCAD00000019572)

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Metabolite Card

Formula: C6H8O6 (176.0321)
SMILES: [H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@@H](O)CO

Synonyms [en]

Ascorbic Acid; Ceklin; Hybrin; Cell C; Ferrous ascorbate; Kangbingfeng

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

Ascorbic acid. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000019572). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Ascorbic acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables and is an essential nutrient in human diets. It is necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. The biologically active form of ascorbic acid is vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin. Primates (including humans) and a few other species in all divisions of the animal kingdom, notably the guinea pig, have lost the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid and must obtain it in their food. Vitamin C functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant (PubChem). Ascorbic acid is an electron donor for enzymes involved in collagen hydroxylation, biosynthesis of carnitine and norepinephrine, tyrosine metabolism, and amidation of peptide hormones. Ascrobic acid (vitamin C) deficiency causes scurvy. The amount of vitamin C necessary to prevent scurvy may not be adequate to maintain optimal health. The ability of vitamin C to donate electrons also makes it a potent water-soluble antioxidant that readily scavenges free radicals such as molecular oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid. In this setting, several mechanisms could account for a link between vitamin C and heart disease. One is the relation between LDL oxidation and vitamins C and E. Vitamin C in vitro can recycle vitamin E, which can donate electrons to prevent LDL oxidation in vitro. As the lipid-phase vitamin E is oxidized, it can be regenerated by aqueous vitamin C. Other possibilities are that vitamin C could decrease cholesterol by mechanisms not well characterized, or could improve vasodilatation and vascular reactivity, perhaps by decreasing the interactions of nitric oxide with oxidants (PMID: 10799361). Moreover, ascorbic acid is found to be associated with hyperoxalemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Ascorbic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Ketogulonicigenium (PMID: 15785002).

Cytoplasm Extracellular
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 10504-35-5
  • CAS Registry Number: 24808-52-4
  • CAS Registry Number: 50-81-7
  • CAS Registry Number: 53262-66-1
  • CAS Registry Number: 62624-30-0
  • CAS Registry Number: 6730-29-6
  • PubChem: 54676860
  • PubChem: 54690394
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:29073
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:51384
  • HMDB: HMDB0000044
  • HMDB: HMDB29945
  • KEGG: C01041
  • NCBI MeSH: Ascorbic Acid
  • Wikipedia: Ascorbic_Acid
  • DrugBank: DB00126
  • DrugBank: DB14490
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000479607
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00005720301
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001078
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001773
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC002604
  • MoNA: HMDB0000044_c_ms_99524
  • MoNA: HMDB0000044_c_ms_99525
  • MoNA: HMDB0000044_c_ms_99526
  • MoNA: HMDB0000044_c_ms_99527
  • MoNA: HMDB0000044_c_ms_99528
  • MoNA: HMDB0000044_c_ms_99529
  • MoNA: MoNA037949
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006498
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006499
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006500
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006501
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006502
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006508
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007630
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007631
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007632
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007633
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007990
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008128
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008275
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008276
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008277
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008278
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008279
  • MoNA: OUF00120
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ007759
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ007760
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028216
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028217
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028218
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028219
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028220
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028221
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028222
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028223
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028224
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028225
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028226
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028227
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028228
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028229
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF028230
  • Metlin: METLIN_86606
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0367758.1
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0367758.2
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0367758.3
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0367758.4
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0367758.5

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. Abelmoschus esculentus [ncbi taxid: 455045]
  2. Acmena hemilampra [ncbi taxid: ]
  3. Acrocarpia paniculata [ncbi taxid: 717668]
  4. Actinidia chinensis [ncbi taxid: 3625]
  5. Actinidia deliciosa [ncbi taxid: 3627]
  6. Aegle marmelos [ncbi taxid: 68527]
  7. Agaricus bisporus [ncbi taxid: 5341]
  8. Agave salmiana [ncbi taxid: 332343]
  9. Allium ampeloprasum [ncbi taxid: 4681]
  10. Allium ascalonicum [ncbi taxid: 1476995]
  11. Allium cepa [ncbi taxid: 4679]
  12. Allium cepa var. tropeana [ncbi taxid: ]
  13. Allium fistulosum [ncbi taxid: 35875]
  14. Allium sativum [ncbi taxid: 4682]
  15. Allium schoenoprasum [ncbi taxid: 74900]
  16. Aloe africana [ncbi taxid: 1080010]
  17. Aloe ferox [ncbi taxid: 117798]
  18. Aloe spicata [ncbi taxid: 992642]
  19. Aloe vera [ncbi taxid: 34199]
  20. Anacardium occidentale [ncbi taxid: 171929]
  21. Ananas comosus [ncbi taxid: 4615]
  22. Anethum graveolens [ncbi taxid: 40922]
  23. Annona cherimola [ncbi taxid: 49314]
  24. Annona muricata [ncbi taxid: 13337]
  25. Annona reticulata [ncbi taxid: 301862]
  26. Annona squamosa [ncbi taxid: 301693]
  27. Anodendron affine [ncbi taxid: 582712]
  28. Anthriscus cerefolium [ncbi taxid: 40888]
  29. Apis mellifera [ncbi taxid: 7460]
  30. Apium graveolens [ncbi taxid: 4045]
  31. Arabidopsis thaliana [ncbi taxid: 3702]
  32. Arachis hypogaea [ncbi taxid: 3818]
  33. Arctium lappa [ncbi taxid: 4217]
  34. Armoracia rusticana [ncbi taxid: 3704]
  35. Aronia melanocarpa [ncbi taxid: 661339]
  36. Artemisia dracunculus [ncbi taxid: 72341]
  37. Artemisia vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 4220]
  38. Artocarpus altilis [ncbi taxid: 194251]
  39. Artocarpus heterophyllus [ncbi taxid: 3489]
  40. Asparagus officinalis [ncbi taxid: 4686]
  41. Auricularia auricula-judae [ncbi taxid: 29892]
  42. Averrhoa carambola [ncbi taxid: 28974]
  43. Basella alba [ncbi taxid: 3589]
  44. Belone belone [ncbi taxid: 129037]
  45. Benincasa hispida [ncbi taxid: 102211]
  46. Bertholletia excelsa [ncbi taxid: 3645]
  47. Beta vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 161934]
  48. Borago officinalis [ncbi taxid: 13363]
  49. Bos taurus [ncbi taxid: 9913]
  50. Brassica alboglabra [ncbi taxid: ]
  51. Brassica juncea [ncbi taxid: 3707]
  52. Brassica napus [ncbi taxid: 3708]
  53. Brassica oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3712]
  54. Brassica oleracea var. sabauda [ncbi taxid: 1216010]
  55. Brassica perviridis [ncbi taxid: ]
  56. Brassica rapa [ncbi taxid: 3711]
  57. Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis [ncbi taxid: 93385]
  58. Brassica ruvo [ncbi taxid: ]
  59. Brosimum alicastrum [ncbi taxid: 194253]
  60. Byrsonima crassifolia [ncbi taxid: 4270]
  61. Cajanus cajan [ncbi taxid: 3821]
  62. Camellia sinensis [ncbi taxid: 4442]
  63. Canarium ovatum [ncbi taxid: 43691]
  64. Cantharellus cibarius [ncbi taxid: 36066]
  65. Capparis spinosa [ncbi taxid: 65558]
  66. Capsicum annuum [ncbi taxid: 4072]
  67. Carica papaya [ncbi taxid: 3649]
  68. Carissa macrocarpa [ncbi taxid: 403101]
  69. Carum carvi [ncbi taxid: 48032]
  70. Carya illinoinensis [ncbi taxid: 32201]
  71. Cedrela salvadorensis [ncbi taxid: 582829]
  72. Ceratonia siliqua [ncbi taxid: 20340]
  73. Chaenomeles sinensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  74. Chaenomeles speciosa [ncbi taxid: 106546]
  75. Chamaemelum nobile [ncbi taxid: 99037]
  76. Chamerion angustifolium [ncbi taxid: ]
  77. Changium smyrnioides [ncbi taxid: 386280]
  78. Chenopodium album [ncbi taxid: 3559]
  79. Chondrus crispus [ncbi taxid: 2769]
  80. Chrysanthemum coronarium [ncbi taxid: ]
  81. Cicer arietinum [ncbi taxid: 3827]
  82. Cichorium endivia [ncbi taxid: 114280]
  83. Cichorium intybus [ncbi taxid: 13427]
  84. Cinnamomum aromaticum [ncbi taxid: 119260]
  85. Cinnamomum verum [ncbi taxid: 128608]
  86. Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
  87. Citrus aurantiifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  88. Citrus aurantium [ncbi taxid: ]
  89. Citrus latifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  90. Citrus limon [ncbi taxid: ]
  91. Citrus maxima [ncbi taxid: 37334]
  92. Citrus natsudaidai [ncbi taxid: 109792]
  93. Citrus paradisi [ncbi taxid: ]
  94. Citrus reticulata [ncbi taxid: 85571]
  95. Citrus sinensis [ncbi taxid: 2711]
  96. Citrus spp. [ncbi taxid: ]
  97. Citrus trifoliata [ncbi taxid: 37690]
  98. Clathria basilana [ncbi taxid: ]
  99. Cocos nucifera [ncbi taxid: 13894]
  100. Colocasia esculenta [ncbi taxid: 4460]
  101. Corchorus olitorius [ncbi taxid: 93759]
  102. Coriandrum sativum [ncbi taxid: 4047]
  103. Corylus avellana [ncbi taxid: 13451]
  104. Crassostrea virginica [ncbi taxid: 6565]
  105. Crateva religiosa [ncbi taxid: 202634]
  106. Crocus sativus [ncbi taxid: 82528]
  107. Cucumis melo [ncbi taxid: 3656]
  108. Cucumis metuliferus [ncbi taxid: 61886]
  109. Cucumis sativus [ncbi taxid: 3659]
  110. Cucurbita maxima [ncbi taxid: 3661]
  111. Cucurbita moschata [ncbi taxid: 3662]
  112. Cucurbita pepo [ncbi taxid: 3663]
  113. Cuminum cyminum [ncbi taxid: 52462]
  114. Curcuma longa [ncbi taxid: 136217]
  115. Cydonia oblonga [ncbi taxid: 36610]
  116. Cymbopogon citratus [ncbi taxid: 66014]
  117. Cynara cardunculus [ncbi taxid: 4265]
  118. Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus [ncbi taxid: 59895]
  119. Cynomorium songaricum [ncbi taxid: 627609]
  120. Cyprinus carpio [ncbi taxid: 7962]
  121. Daldinia sp. [ncbi taxid: 1769485]
  122. Daucus carota [ncbi taxid: 4039]
  123. Dimocarpus longan [ncbi taxid: 128017]
  124. Dioscorea pentaphylla [ncbi taxid: 167592]
  125. Dioscorea species [ncbi taxid: ]
  126. Diospyros kaki [ncbi taxid: 35925]
  127. Diospyros virginiana [ncbi taxid: 13493]
  128. Durio zibethinus [ncbi taxid: 66656]
  129. Dysphania ambrosioides [ncbi taxid: 330163]
  130. Eleocharis dulcis [ncbi taxid: 110284]
  131. Elettaria cardamomum [ncbi taxid: 105181]
  132. Eriobotrya japonica [ncbi taxid: 32224]
  133. Eruca vesicaria [ncbi taxid: 180536]
  134. Erythrina americana [ncbi taxid: 932743]
  135. Esox lucius [ncbi taxid: 8010]
  136. Eugenia uniflora [ncbi taxid: 119951]
  137. Euphorbia hirta [ncbi taxid: 318062]
  138. Eutrema japonicum [ncbi taxid: 75806]
  139. Feijoa sellowiana [ncbi taxid: 260130]
  140. Ficus carica [ncbi taxid: 3494]
  141. Foeniculum vulgare [ncbi taxid: ]
  142. Fragaria x ananassa [ncbi taxid: 3747]
  143. Garcinia cambogia [ncbi taxid: ]
  144. Garcinia mangostana [ncbi taxid: 58228]
  145. Ginkgo biloba [ncbi taxid: 3311]
  146. Glycine max [ncbi taxid: 3847]
  147. Hedysarum alpinum [ncbi taxid: 57576]
  148. Helianthus annuus [ncbi taxid: 4232]
  149. Helianthus tuberosus [ncbi taxid: 4233]
  150. Hertia cheirifolia [ncbi taxid: 430993]
  151. Hibiscus sabbariffa [ncbi taxid: ]
  152. Hibiscus sabdariffa [ncbi taxid: 183260]
  153. Hippophae rhamnoides [ncbi taxid: 193516]
  154. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  155. Hordeum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 4513]
  156. Ictalurus punctatus [ncbi taxid: 7998]
  157. Ipomoea aquatica [ncbi taxid: 89636]
  158. Ipomoea batatas [ncbi taxid: 4120]
  159. Isatis tinctoria [ncbi taxid: 161756]
  160. Juglans cinerea [ncbi taxid: 91214]
  161. Juglans nigra [ncbi taxid: 16719]
  162. Juglans regia [ncbi taxid: 51240]
  163. Kadsura philippinensis [ncbi taxid: 1652688]
  164. Katsuwonus pelamis [ncbi taxid: 8226]
  165. Lablab purpureus [ncbi taxid: 35936]
  166. Lactuca sativa [ncbi taxid: 4236]
  167. Lagenaria siceraria [ncbi taxid: 3668]
  168. Laurus nobilis [ncbi taxid: 85223]
  169. Lens culinaris [ncbi taxid: 3864]
  170. Lentinus edodes [ncbi taxid: ]
  171. Lepidium sativum [ncbi taxid: 33125]
  172. Licaria chrysophylla [ncbi taxid: 597316]
  173. Limanda limanda [ncbi taxid: 27771]
  174. Linum usitatissimum [ncbi taxid: 4006]
  175. Litchi chinensis [ncbi taxid: 151069]
  176. Lophius piscatorius [ncbi taxid: 8074]
  177. Luffa aegyptiaca [ncbi taxid: 3670]
  178. Lupinus albus [ncbi taxid: 3870]
  179. Lycium chinense [ncbi taxid: 112883]
  180. Malpighia emarginata [ncbi taxid: 151847]
  181. Malus pumila [ncbi taxid: 283210]
  182. Mammea americana [ncbi taxid: 198777]
  183. Mangifera indica [ncbi taxid: 29780]
  184. Manihot esculenta [ncbi taxid: 3983]
  185. Manilkara zapota [ncbi taxid: 3741]
  186. Maranta arundinacea [ncbi taxid: 210060]
  187. Matteuccia struthiopteris [ncbi taxid: 3277]
  188. Medicago sativa [ncbi taxid: 3879]
  189. Melanogrammus aeglefinus [ncbi taxid: 8056]
  190. Mentha spicata [ncbi taxid: 29719]
  191. Mentha x piperita [ncbi taxid: 34256]
  192. Momordica charantia [ncbi taxid: 3673]
  193. Moringa oleifera [ncbi taxid: 3735]
  194. Morus alba [ncbi taxid: 3498]
  195. Morus bombycis [ncbi taxid: 66393]
  196. Morus nigra [ncbi taxid: 85232]
  197. Musa acuminata [ncbi taxid: 4641]
  198. Musa x paradisiaca [ncbi taxid: 89151]
  199. Myristica fragrans [ncbi taxid: 51089]
  200. Myrsine africana [ncbi taxid: 59982]
  201. Nasturtium officinale [ncbi taxid: 65948]
  202. Nelumbo nucifera [ncbi taxid: 4432]
  203. Nephelium lappaceum [ncbi taxid: 151071]
  204. Nephrops norvegicus [ncbi taxid: 6829]
  205. Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646 [ncbi taxid: ]
  206. Ocimum basilicum [ncbi taxid: 39350]
  207. Olea europaea [ncbi taxid: 4146]
  208. Oncorhynchus kisutch [ncbi taxid: 8019]
  209. Oncorhynchus mykiss [ncbi taxid: 8022]
  210. Ophioparma ventosa [ncbi taxid: 145978]
  211. Opuntia cochenillifera [ncbi taxid: ]
  212. Opuntia macrorhiza [ncbi taxid: 1041245]
  213. Origanum majorana [ncbi taxid: 268884]
  214. Origanum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 39352]
  215. Ormosia hosiei [ncbi taxid: 1642859]
  216. Ornithoglossum viride [ncbi taxid: 225807]
  217. Pachyrhizus erosus [ncbi taxid: 109171]
  218. Panax notoginseng [ncbi taxid: 44586]
  219. Pangium edule [ncbi taxid: 112823]
  220. Papaver somniferum [ncbi taxid: 3469]
  221. Passiflora edulis [ncbi taxid: 78168]
  222. Pastinaca sativa [ncbi taxid: 4041]
  223. Pediomelum esculentum [ncbi taxid: 458363]
  224. Penicillium citrinum F5 [ncbi taxid: ]
  225. Peperomia sui [ncbi taxid: ]
  226. Perideridia oregana [ncbi taxid: 234866]
  227. Persea americana [ncbi taxid: 3435]
  228. Persicaria tinctoria [ncbi taxid: 96455]
  229. Pertusaria truncata [ncbi taxid: ]
  230. Petasites japonicus [ncbi taxid: 186965]
  231. Petasites laevigatus [ncbi taxid: ]
  232. Petroselinum crispum [ncbi taxid: 4043]
  233. Phaseolus coccineus [ncbi taxid: 3886]
  234. Phaseolus lunatus [ncbi taxid: 3884]
  235. Phaseolus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 3885]
  236. Phoenix dactylifera [ncbi taxid: 42345]
  237. Phyllanthus emblica [ncbi taxid: ]
  238. Phyllostachys edulis [ncbi taxid: 38705]
  239. Physalis philadelphica [ncbi taxid: 304130]
  240. Phytolacca americana [ncbi taxid: 3527]
  241. Pimenta dioica [ncbi taxid: 375272]
  242. Pimpinella anisum [ncbi taxid: 271192]
  243. Pinus edulis [ncbi taxid: 3340]
  244. Piper nigrum [ncbi taxid: 13216]
  245. Pistacia vera [ncbi taxid: 55513]
  246. Pisum sativum [ncbi taxid: ]
  247. Pocillopora eydouxi [ncbi taxid: ]
  248. Polygonum alpinum [ncbi taxid: ]
  249. Polypodium decumanum [ncbi taxid: ]
  250. Porphyra laciniata [ncbi taxid: ]
  251. Portulaca oleracea [ncbi taxid: 46147]
  252. Pouteria sapota [ncbi taxid: 233744]
  253. Prangos haussknechtii [ncbi taxid: 325743]
  254. Prunus armeniaca [ncbi taxid: 36596]
  255. Prunus avium [ncbi taxid: 42229]
  256. Prunus cerasus [ncbi taxid: 140311]
  257. Prunus domestica [ncbi taxid: 3758]
  258. Prunus dulcis [ncbi taxid: 3755]
  259. Prunus mume [ncbi taxid: 102107]
  260. Prunus persica [ncbi taxid: 3760]
  261. Prunus virginiana [ncbi taxid: 133204]
  262. Psidium cattleianum [ncbi taxid: ]
  263. Psidium guajava [ncbi taxid: 120290]
  264. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus [ncbi taxid: 3891]
  265. Punica granatum [ncbi taxid: 22663]
  266. Pyrus communis [ncbi taxid: 23211]
  267. Pyrus pyrifolia [ncbi taxid: 3767]
  268. Raphanus sativus [ncbi taxid: 3726]
  269. Reinhardtius hippoglossoides [ncbi taxid: 111784]
  270. Rheum rhabarbarum [ncbi taxid: 3621]
  271. Ribes nigrum [ncbi taxid: 78511]
  272. Ribes rubrum [ncbi taxid: 175228]
  273. Ribes uva-crispa [ncbi taxid: 135518]
  274. Rosmarinus officinalis [ncbi taxid: ]
  275. Rubia tetragona [ncbi taxid: ]
  276. Rubus chamaemorus [ncbi taxid: 57936]
  277. Rubus idaeus [ncbi taxid: 32247]
  278. Rubus idaeus L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  279. Rubus loganobaccus [ncbi taxid: ]
  280. Rubus spectabilis [ncbi taxid: 59499]
  281. Rubus ursinus [ncbi taxid: 75100]
  282. Rumex acetosa [ncbi taxid: 41241]
  283. Rumex articus [ncbi taxid: ]
  284. Sagittaria latifolia [ncbi taxid: 15008]
  285. Salix pulchra [ncbi taxid: 669814]
  286. Salmo salar [ncbi taxid: 8030]
  287. Salvia hispanica [ncbi taxid: 49212]
  288. Salvia officinalis [ncbi taxid: 38868]
  289. Salvia polystachya [ncbi taxid: 268922]
  290. Sander lucioperca [ncbi taxid: 283035]
  291. Santolina canescens [ncbi taxid: 1777090]
  292. Satureja hortensis [ncbi taxid: 49987]
  293. Schisandra chinensis [ncbi taxid: 50507]
  294. Schizanthus tricolor [ncbi taxid: 360636]
  295. Scophthalmus maximus [ncbi taxid: 52904]
  296. Scorzonera hispanica [ncbi taxid: ]
  297. Sechium edule [ncbi taxid: ]
  298. Sesbania bispinosa [ncbi taxid: 485725]
  299. Setosphaeria sp. SCSIO41009 [ncbi taxid: ]
  300. Sinapis alba [ncbi taxid: 3728]
  301. Solanum lycopersicum [ncbi taxid: 4081]
  302. Solanum melongena [ncbi taxid: 4111]
  303. Solanum quitoense [ncbi taxid: 227725]
  304. Solanum tuberosum [ncbi taxid: 4113]
  305. Sphaeranthus confertifolius [ncbi taxid: ]
  306. Spinacia oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3562]
  307. Sus scrofa [ncbi taxid: 9823]
  308. Sus scrofa domesticus [ncbi taxid: 9825]
  309. Syzygium aromaticum [ncbi taxid: 219868]
  310. Syzygium cumini [ncbi taxid: 260142]
  311. Syzygium jambos [ncbi taxid: 334483]
  312. Talaromyces islandicus EN-501 [ncbi taxid: ]
  313. Tamarindus indica [ncbi taxid: 58860]
  314. Taraxacum officinale [ncbi taxid: 50225]
  315. Terminalia bellirica [ncbi taxid: 155021]
  316. Terminalia chebula [ncbi taxid: 155022]
  317. Theobroma cacao [ncbi taxid: 3641]
  318. Thymus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 49992]
  319. Tragopogon porrifolius [ncbi taxid: 13731]
  320. Trigonella foenum-graecum [ncbi taxid: 78534]
  321. Typha angustifolia [ncbi taxid: 59011]
  322. Undaria pinnatifida [ncbi taxid: 74381]
  323. Vaccinium alaskaense [ncbi taxid: ]
  324. Vaccinium corymbosum [ncbi taxid: 69266]
  325. Vaccinium macrocarpon [ncbi taxid: 13750]
  326. Vaccinium myrtillus [ncbi taxid: 180763]
  327. Vaccinium reticulatum [ncbi taxid: 180767]
  328. Vaccinium vitis-idaea [ncbi taxid: 180772]
  329. Valerianella locusta [ncbi taxid: 59166]
  330. Veronica longifolia [ncbi taxid: 165317]
  331. Vicia faba [ncbi taxid: 3906]
  332. Vigna aconitifolia [ncbi taxid: 3918]
  333. Vigna mungo [ncbi taxid: 3915]
  334. Vigna radiata [ncbi taxid: 157791]
  335. Vigna unguiculata [ncbi taxid: 3917]
  336. Vitis vinifera [ncbi taxid: 29760]
  337. Xanthosoma sagittifolium [ncbi taxid: 28478]
  338. Zea mays [ncbi taxid: 4577]
  339. Zingiber officinale [ncbi taxid: 94328]
  340. Ziziphus jujuba [ncbi taxid: 326968]
  341. Ziziphus zizyphus [ncbi taxid: ]
  342. Aloe africana [ncbi taxid: 1080010]
  343. Aloe ferox [ncbi taxid: 117798]
  344. Aloe spicata [ncbi taxid: 992642]
  345. Aloe vera [ncbi taxid: 34199]
  346. Capsicum annuum [ncbi taxid: 4072]
  347. Chaenomeles sinensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  348. Chaenomeles speciosa [ncbi taxid: 106546]
  349. Citrus aurantium [ncbi taxid: ]
  350. Citrus natsudaidai [ncbi taxid: 109792]
  351. Citrus sinensis [ncbi taxid: 2711]
  352. Citrus trifoliata [ncbi taxid: 37690]
  353. Cynomorium songaricum [ncbi taxid: 627609]
  354. Ginkgo biloba [ncbi taxid: 3311]
  355. Hippophae rhamnoides [ncbi taxid: 193516]
  356. Isatis tinctoria [ncbi taxid: 161756]
  357. Morus alba [ncbi taxid: 3498]
  358. Morus bombycis [ncbi taxid: 66393]
  359. Persicaria tinctoria [ncbi taxid: 96455]
  360. Phyllanthus emblica [ncbi taxid: ]
  361. Punica granatum [ncbi taxid: 22663]
  362. Terminalia bellirica [ncbi taxid: 155021]
  363. Terminalia chebula [ncbi taxid: 155022]
  364. Ziziphus jujuba [ncbi taxid: 326968]

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