Dopamine (BioCAD00000010312)

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Metabolite Card

Formula: C8H11NO2 (153.079)
SMILES: NCCC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1

Synonyms [en]

dopamine; 3-Hydroxytyramine; 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol; 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine; 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol; 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-06-28.

Cite this Page

Dopamine. 数据之源，洞见之始. SMRUCC genomics institute, a synthetic life researcher from China. https://biocad_registry.innovation.ac.cn/s/(-)-arctiin (retrieved 2026-01-03) (CAD Registry RN: BioCAD00000010312). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Note

Dopamine is a member of the catecholamine family of neurotransmitters in the brain and is a precursor to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Dopamine is synthesized in the body (mainly by nervous tissue and adrenal glands) first by the hydration of the amino acid tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and then by the decarboxylation of DOPA by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (dopamine receptors) mediates its action, which plays a major role in reward-motivated behaviour. Dopamine has many other functions outside the brain. In blood vessels, dopamine inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. Parkinson's disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists, which reduce dopamine activity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and addiction are also characterized by defects in dopamine production or metabolism. It has been suggested that animals derived their dopamine-synthesizing machinery from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer that may have occurred relatively late in evolutionary time. This is perhaps a result of the symbiotic incorporation of bacteria into eukaryotic cells that gave rise to mitochondria. Dopamine is elevated in the urine of people who consume bananas. When present in sufficiently high levels, dopamine can be a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural tissue. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of dopamine are associated with neuroblastoma, Costello syndrome, leukemia, phaeochromocytoma, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, and Menkes disease (MNK). High levels of dopamine can lead to hyperactivity, insomnia, agitation and anxiety, depression, delusions, excessive salivation, nausea, and digestive problems. A study has shown that urinary dopamine is produced by Bacillus and Serratia (PMID: 24621061)

Cytoplasm Extracellular
Entity Information

DBLinks

Other DBLinks
  • CAS Registry Number: 1125-67-3
  • CAS Registry Number: 50444-17-2
  • CAS Registry Number: 51-61-6
  • CAS Registry Number: 62-31-7
  • CAS Registry Number: 62-31-7 (HYDROCHLORIDE)
  • CAS Registry Number: 622854-00-6
  • CAS Registry Number: 81587-00-0
  • CAS Registry Number: 86389-83-5
  • PubChem: 681
  • ChEBI: ChEBI:18243
  • HMDB: HMDB0000073
  • KEGG: C03758
  • BioCyc: DOPAMINE
  • NCBI MeSH: Dopamine
  • Wikipedia: Dopamine
  • DrugBank: DB00988
  • RefMet: RM0135878
  • MoNA: BAF_UVA_POS000155
  • MoNA: BAF_UVA_POS001574
  • MoNA: BAF_UVA_POS001575
  • MoNA: Bruker_HCD_library001158
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000577949
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00000578186
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00005463961
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00005463986
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00005720391
  • MoNA: CCMSLIB00005720681
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec109326
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec37879
  • MoNA: EMBL-MCF_spec37883
  • MoNA: EMBL_MCF_2_0_HRMS_Library000084
  • MoNA: EMBL_MCF_2_0_HRMS_Library000325
  • MoNA: EQ329901
  • MoNA: EQ329902
  • MoNA: EQ329903
  • MoNA: EQ329904
  • MoNA: EQ329905
  • MoNA: EQ329906
  • MoNA: EQ329951
  • MoNA: EQ329952
  • MoNA: EQ329953
  • MoNA: EQ329954
  • MoNA: EQ329955
  • MoNA: EQ329956
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC000320
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001164
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC001898
  • MoNA: FiehnHILIC002675
  • MoNA: HMDB0000073_c_ms_1775
  • MoNA: HMDB0000073_ms_ms_120
  • MoNA: HMDB0000073_ms_ms_121
  • MoNA: HMDB0000073_ms_ms_122
  • MoNA: KO000579
  • MoNA: KO000580
  • MoNA: KO000581
  • MoNA: KO000582
  • MoNA: KO000583
  • MoNA: KO002687
  • MoNA: KO002688
  • MoNA: KO002689
  • MoNA: KO002690
  • MoNA: KO002691
  • MoNA: KO003148
  • MoNA: KO003149
  • MoNA: KO003150
  • MoNA: KO003151
  • MoNA: KO003152
  • MoNA: MoNA001794
  • MoNA: MoNA001795
  • MoNA: MoNA001797
  • MoNA: MoNA010597
  • MoNA: MoNA010598
  • MoNA: MoNA010599
  • MoNA: MoNA010600
  • MoNA: MoNA010601
  • MoNA: MoNA010602
  • MoNA: MoNA011037
  • MoNA: MoNA011038
  • MoNA: MoNA011039
  • MoNA: MoNA011040
  • MoNA: MoNA031984
  • MoNA: MoNA031985
  • MoNA: MoNA031987
  • MoNA: MoNA035924
  • MoNA: MoNA035926
  • MoNA: MoNA035930
  • MoNA: MoNA037114
  • MoNA: MoNA037119
  • MoNA: MoNA038518
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006336
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006337
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006338
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006339
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006340
  • MoNA: MoNA_0006341
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007436
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007437
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007438
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007439
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007440
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007441
  • MoNA: MoNA_0007917
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008176
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008177
  • MoNA: MoNA_0008178
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001839
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001840
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001841
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001842
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001843
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001844
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001845
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001846
  • MoNA: NUTRI-METAB-FEM-NEG001847
  • MoNA: OUF00207
  • MoNA: PB000478
  • MoNA: PB000479
  • MoNA: PB000480
  • MoNA: PB000481
  • MoNA: PB000482
  • MoNA: PM002302
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ006400
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-LTQ006402
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF003304
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF003305
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QEHF003306
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF003781
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF003782
  • MoNA: VF-NPL-QTOF003783
  • Metlin: METLIN_64
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0147274.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0254743.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0372159.0
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0398619.1
  • Coconut NaturalProduct: CNP0513529.0

Class / Ontology

Metabolic Network
ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R02080 4.1.1.25 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase
KEGG:R02383 1.14.13.- monophenol,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase
KEGG:R02535 1.14.17.1 dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
KEGG:R04084 3.5.99.14 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde hydro-lyase (adding dopamine)
KEGG:R04300 1.4.3.4 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)
KEGG:R04301 2.1.1.6 S-adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase
KEGG:R04305 3.5.99.14 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde hydro-lyase (adding dopamine)
KEGG:R05749 3.5.99.16 deacetylipecoside dopamine-lyase
KEGG:R05750 3.5.99.15 deacetylisoipecoside dopamine-lyase
KEGG:R08444 C03758<=>C06546
KEGG:R08445 C03758<=>C12231
KEGG:R08447 C03758 + C16706<=>C16707
KEGG:R08513 C03758<=>C16704
KEGG:R08832 1.10.3.- dopamine:oxygen oxidoreductase
KEGG:R08835 C03758 + C08538<=>C08557 + C00001
KEGG:R11684 C11816 + C03758<=>C21584 + C00001
KEGG:R13309 3.5.99.12 (R)-salsolinol dopamine-hydrolase (acetaldehyde-forming)
BioCyc:RXN6666-7 2.1.1.6 S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE + DOPAMINE --> PROTON + ADENOSYL-HOMO-CYS + CPD-7650
BioCyc:RXN-21082 1.1.99.- DOPAMINE + Donor-H2 --> CPD-22700 + Acceptor + WATER
BioCyc:RXN6666-4 1.4.3.4 DOPAMINE + WATER + OXYGEN-MOLECULE --> 34-DIHYDROXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE + AMMONIUM + HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE
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Organism Source

Taxonomy Source

  1. Entonaema [ncbi taxid: 292718]
  2. Mycena alcalina [ncbi taxid: 2075177]
  3. Acacia berlandieri [ncbi taxid: ]
  4. Acacia rigidula Benth. [ncbi taxid: ]
  5. Actaea racemosa [ncbi taxid: 64040]
  6. Alangium lamarckii [ncbi taxid: ]
  7. Alangium salviifolium [ncbi taxid: 616984]
  8. Allium cepa [ncbi taxid: 4679]
  9. Amelanchier alnifolia [ncbi taxid: 32219]
  10. Anethum graveolens [ncbi taxid: 40922]
  11. Argemone mexicana [ncbi taxid: 54796]
  12. Aristolochia gigantea [ncbi taxid: 12948]
  13. Avena sativa [ncbi taxid: 4498]
  14. Berberis amurensis [ncbi taxid: 258140]
  15. Berberis aquifolium [ncbi taxid: 203270]
  16. Berberis aristata [ncbi taxid: 659592]
  17. Berberis thunbergii [ncbi taxid: 121720]
  18. Berberis vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 258209]
  19. Berberis wilsoniae [ncbi taxid: 258211]
  20. Beta vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 161934]
  21. Brassica oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3712]
  22. Brassica olereacea [ncbi taxid: ]
  23. Capsicum annuum [ncbi taxid: 4072]
  24. Carapichea affinis [ncbi taxid: 3393781]
  25. Caulophyllum thalicroides [ncbi taxid: ]
  26. Cephaelis acuminata [ncbi taxid: ]
  27. Chelidonium majus [ncbi taxid: 71251]
  28. Cissampelos pareira [ncbi taxid: 108409]
  29. Citrullus lanatus [ncbi taxid: 3654]
  30. Citrus sinensis [ncbi taxid: 2711]
  31. Clematis parviloba [ncbi taxid: 1857144]
  32. Cocculus diversifolius [ncbi taxid: ]
  33. Cocculus japonicus [ncbi taxid: ]
  34. Coptis japonica [ncbi taxid: 3442]
  35. Corydalis cava [ncbi taxid: 581246]
  36. Cucurbita pepo [ncbi taxid: 3663]
  37. Cyclea barbata [ncbi taxid: 152373]
  38. Cyclea peltata [ncbi taxid: 2893873]
  39. Cytisus coparius [ncbi taxid: ]
  40. Cytisus scoparius [ncbi taxid: 3835]
  41. Daucus carota [ncbi taxid: 4039]
  42. Delphinium pentagynum [ncbi taxid: 1127184]
  43. Dicentra spectabilis [ncbi taxid: ]
  44. Dilphinium caeruleum [ncbi taxid: ]
  45. Erythrina crista-galli [ncbi taxid: 49817]
  46. Escherichia coli [ncbi taxid: 562]
  47. Eschscholzia californica [ncbi taxid: 3467]
  48. Fumaria officinalis [ncbi taxid: 200993]
  49. Glaucium flavum [ncbi taxid: 56853]
  50. Gnetum montanum [ncbi taxid: 3381]
  51. Gymnocalycium comarapense [ncbi taxid: ]
  52. Gymnocalycium monvillei [ncbi taxid: 762158]
  53. Gymnocalycium netrelianum [ncbi taxid: ]
  54. Gymnocalycium oenanthemum [ncbi taxid: 762166]
  55. Gymnocalycium quehlianum [ncbi taxid: 762173]
  56. Gymnocalycium riograndense [ncbi taxid: ]
  57. Gymnocalycium stellatum [ncbi taxid: 762186]
  58. Gymnocalycium striglianum [ncbi taxid: 762187]
  59. Gymnocalycium uebelmannanum [ncbi taxid: ]
  60. Gymnocalycium valnicekianum [ncbi taxid: ]
  61. Hermidium alipes [ncbi taxid: ]
  62. Homo sapiens [ncbi taxid: 9606]
  63. Hordeum vulgare [ncbi taxid: 4513]
  64. Hydrastis canadensis [ncbi taxid: 13569]
  65. Hypecoum lactiflorum [ncbi taxid: 3044018]
  66. Islaya minor [ncbi taxid: ]
  67. Lindera angustifolia [ncbi taxid: 2291132]
  68. Lophophora diffusa [ncbi taxid: 130137]
  69. Lophophora fricii [ncbi taxid: 2569579]
  70. Lophophora jourdaniana [ncbi taxid: ]
  71. Lophophora williamsii [ncbi taxid: 130138]
  72. Lyallia kerguelensis [ncbi taxid: 442941]
  73. Macleaya cordata [ncbi taxid: 56857]
  74. Magnolia borealis [ncbi taxid: ]
  75. Magnolia obovata [ncbi taxid: 349509]
  76. Magnolia officinalis [ncbi taxid: 85864]
  77. Mahonia aquifolium [ncbi taxid: ]
  78. Meconopsis cambrica [ncbi taxid: 248829]
  79. Mohonia bealei [ncbi taxid: ]
  80. Monodora junodii [ncbi taxid: 493334]
  81. Mus musculus [ncbi taxid: 10090]
  82. Musa acuminata [ncbi taxid: 4641]
  83. Musa sapientum [ncbi taxid: ]
  84. Myrtillocactus geometrizans [ncbi taxid: 336127]
  85. Opuntia acanthocarpa [ncbi taxid: ]
  86. Opuntia cylindrica [ncbi taxid: ]
  87. Opuntia echinocarpa [ncbi taxid: ]
  88. Opuntia ficus-indica [ncbi taxid: 371859]
  89. Opuntia imbricata [ncbi taxid: ]
  90. Opuntia spinosior [ncbi taxid: ]
  91. Papaver bracteatum [ncbi taxid: 215227]
  92. Papaver rhoeas [ncbi taxid: 33128]
  93. Papaver somniferum [ncbi taxid: 3469]
  94. Pelecyphora aselliformis [ncbi taxid: 130166]
  95. Pereskia corrugata [ncbi taxid: ]
  96. Pereskia tamicana [ncbi taxid: ]
  97. Pereskiopsis scandens [ncbi taxid: ]
  98. Persea americana [ncbi taxid: 3435]
  99. Phaseolus vulgaris [ncbi taxid: 3885]
  100. Phellodendron chinensis [ncbi taxid: ]
  101. Piper argyrophyllum [ncbi taxid: 405317]
  102. Pisum sativum [ncbi taxid: ]
  103. Plantago major [ncbi taxid: 29818]
  104. Portulaca grandiflora [ncbi taxid: 3583]
  105. Portulaca oleracea [ncbi taxid: 46147]
  106. Portulacaceae [ncbi taxid: 3581]
  107. Prunus tomentosa [ncbi taxid: 105667]
  108. Psychotria burucana [ncbi taxid: ]
  109. Psychotria ipecacuanha [ncbi taxid: ]
  110. Psychotria klugii [ncbi taxid: ]
  111. Pterocereus gaumeri [ncbi taxid: 223064]
  112. Romneya coulteri [ncbi taxid: 56862]
  113. Rubus idaeus [ncbi taxid: 32247]
  114. Secale cereale [ncbi taxid: 4550]
  115. Solanum esculentum [ncbi taxid: ]
  116. Solanum lycopersicum L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  117. Solanum melanogena [ncbi taxid: ]
  118. Solanum tuberosum [ncbi taxid: 4113]
  119. Solanum tuberosum L. [ncbi taxid: ]
  120. Spinacia oleracea [ncbi taxid: 3562]
  121. Stenocereus beneckei [ncbi taxid: 336154]
  122. Stenocereus eruca [ncbi taxid: 867530]
  123. Stenocereus stellatus [ncbi taxid: 223074]
  124. Stenocereus treleasei [ncbi taxid: 336384]
  125. Stephania hernandifolia [ncbi taxid: ]
  126. Stephania tetrandra [ncbi taxid: 425106]
  127. Thalictrum flavum [ncbi taxid: 150094]
  128. Theobroma cacao [ncbi taxid: 3641]
  129. Tinospora cordifolia [ncbi taxid: 285590]
  130. Trichocereus pachanoi [ncbi taxid: ]
  131. Trichocereus peruvianus [ncbi taxid: ]
  132. Trichocereus spachianus [ncbi taxid: ]
  133. Trichocereus strigosus [ncbi taxid: ]
  134. Vicia faba [ncbi taxid: 3906]
  135. Xylopia parviflora [ncbi taxid: 992813]
  136. Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa [ncbi taxid: ]
  137. Coriandrum sativum [ncbi taxid: 4047]
  138. Cytisus scoparius [ncbi taxid: 3835]
  139. Dioscorea batatas [ncbi taxid: ]
  140. Dioscorea polystachya [ncbi taxid: 55575]
  141. Euphorbia lathyris [ncbi taxid: 212925]
  142. Lophophora williamsii [ncbi taxid: 130138]
  143. Mucuna birdwoodiana [ncbi taxid: 1747497]
  144. Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum [ncbi taxid: ]
  145. Portulaca oleracea [ncbi taxid: 46147]
  146. Rhizoma dioscoreae [ncbi taxid: ]
  147. Stizolobium capitatum [ncbi taxid: ]
  148. Vicia faba [ncbi taxid: 3906]

Pathway Synthetic

pathway id name
WikiPathways:WP4657 22q11.2 copy number variation syndrome
WikiPathways:WP4932 7q11.23 copy number variation syndrome
WikiPathways:WP513 Catecholamine synthesis
WikiPathways:WP522 Biogenic amine synthesis
WikiPathways:WP3155 Dopamine metabolism
WikiPathways:WP3584 MECP2 and associated Rett syndrome
WikiPathways:WP3604 Biochemical pathways: part I
WikiPathways:WP1401 Neurotransmitter release in cholinergic motor neurons
WikiPathways:WP3638 Parkinson's disease
WikiPathways:WP839 Monoamine GPCRs
WikiPathways:WP3179 Nicotine activity on dopaminergic neurons
WikiPathways:WP3192 Neurotransmitter release cycle
WikiPathways:WP1602 Nicotine effect on dopaminergic neurons
WikiPathways:WP2436 Dopamine metabolism
WikiPathways:WP154 Biogenic amine synthesis
WikiPathways:WP276 Monoamine GPCRs
WikiPathways:WP473 GPCRs, class A rhodopsin-like
WikiPathways:WP570 Monoamine GPCRs
WikiPathways:WP662 Amino acid metabolism
WikiPathways:WP5372 Involvement of -secretase in neurodegenerative diseases
View All Pathways