phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidylcholine)

Henry SA, Kohlwein SD, Carman GM. Metabolism and regulation of glycerolipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2012 Feb;190(2):317–49. PMID: 22345606; PMCID: PMC3276621.; Ayciriex S, Le Guédard M, Camougrand N, Velours G, Schoene M, Leone S, Wattelet-Boyer V, Dupuy JW, Shevchenko A, Schmitter JM, Lessire R, Bessoule JJ, Testet E. YPR139c/LOA1 encodes a novel lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase associated with lipid droplets and involved in TAG homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell. 2012 Jan;23(2):233–46. PMID: 22090344; PMCID: PMC3258169.; Rajakumari S, Daum G. Multiple Functions as Lipase, Steryl Ester Hydrolase, Phospholipase, and Acyltransferase of Tgl4p from the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2010 May;285(21):15769–76. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076331.; Petschnigg J, Wolinski H, Kolb D, Zellnig G, Kurat CF, Natter K, Kohlwein SD. Good Fat, Essential Cellular Requirements for Triacylglycerol Synthesis to Maintain Membrane Homeostasis in Yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2009 Nov;284(45):30981–93. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m109.024752.; Jain S, Stanford N, Bhagwat N, Seiler B, Costanzo M, Boone C, Oelkers P. Identification of a Novel Lysophospholipid Acyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2007 Oct;282(42):30562–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m706326200.; Boumann HA, Gubbens J, Koorengevel MC, Oh CS, Martin CE, Heck AJ, Patton-Vogt J, Henry SA, de Kruijff B, de Kroon AI. Depletion of phosphatidylcholine in yeast induces shortening and increased saturation of the lipid acyl chains: evidence for regulation of intrinsic membrane curvature in a eukaryote. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Feb;17(2):1006–17. PMID: 16339082; PMCID: PMC1356607.; Kurat CF, Natter K, Petschnigg J, Wolinski H, Scheuringer K, Scholz H, Zimmermann R, Leber R, Zechner R, Kohlwein SD. Obese Yeast: Triglyceride Lipolysis Is Functionally Conserved from Mammals to Yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006 Jan;281(1):491–500. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m508414200.; Athenstaedt K, Daum G. Tgl4p and Tgl5p, Two Triacylglycerol Lipases of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Are Localized to Lipid Particles. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2005 Nov;280(45):37301–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.m507261200.; Testet E, Laroche-Traineau J, Noubhani A, Coulon D, Bunoust O, Camougrand N, Manon S, Lessire R, Bessoule JJ. Ypr140wp, 'the yeast tafazzin', displays a mitochondrial lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) acyltransferase activity related to triacylglycerol and mitochondrial lipid synthesis. Biochem J. 2005 May 01;387(Pt 3):617–26. PMID: 15588229; PMCID: PMC1134991.; Richard MG, McMaster CR. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Regulation by a high-affinity Zn2+ binding site. Lipids. 1998 Dec;33(12):1229–34. doi: 10.1007/s11745-998-0328-1.; Wagner S, Paltauf F. Generation of glycerophospholipid molecular species in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fatty acid pattern of phospholipid classes and selective acyl turnover at sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Yeast. 1994 Nov;10(11):1429–37. doi: 10.1002/yea.320101106.; Cullis PR, De Kruijff B. The polymorphic phase behaviour of phosphatidylethanolamines of natural and synthetic origin. A 31P NMR study. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1978 Oct;513(1):31–42. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90109-8.; LANDS WE. LIPID METABOLISM. Annu Rev Biochem. 1965;34():313–46. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.34.070165.001525. PMID: 14321173.; LANDS WE. Metabolism of glycerolipids. 2. The enzymatic acylation of lysolecithin. J Biol Chem. 1960 Aug;235():2233–7. PMID: 14413818.

Metabolites

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

PC(16:0/16:0)

Formula: C40H80NO8P (733.562125)

CAS ID: 63-89-8

LysoPC(16:0/0:0)

Formula: C24H50NO7P (495.33247200000005)

CAS ID: 17364-16-8

hexadecanoate

Formula: C16H31O2 (255.2323926)

CAS ID: 143-20-4

palmitoyl-CoA(4-)

Formula: C37H62N7O17P3S (1001.3135592)

CAS ID: 1763-10-6



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
2.3.1.-
2.3.1.158 phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase phospholipid:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.23 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
2.3.1.51 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase
3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase triacylglycerol acylhydrolase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name
P36165 TGL4 Triacylglycerol lipase 4
P40345 LRO1 Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase
Q06510 TAZ1 Tafazzin
Q08548 ALE1 Lysophospholipid acyltransferase