NAD biosynthesis I (from aspartate)

Noctor G, Queval G, Gakière B. NAD(P) synthesis and pyridine nucleotide cycling in plants and their potential importance in stress conditions. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(8):1603–20. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erj202. PMID: 16714307.; Katoh A, Uenohara K, Akita M, Hashimoto T. Early steps in the biosynthesis of NAD in Arabidopsis start with aspartate and occur in the plastid. Plant Physiol. 2006 Jul;141(3):851–7. PMID: 16698895; PMCID: PMC1489895.; Katoh A, Hashimoto T. Molecular biology of pyridine nucleotide and nicotine biosynthesis. Front Biosci. 2004 May 01;9():1577–86. doi: 10.2741/1350. PMID: 14977569.; Sánchez J, Duque P, Chua N. ABA activates ADPR cyclase and cADPR induces a subset of ABA-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal. 2004 Apr 14;38(3):381–95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02055.x.; Yamada K, Lim J, Dale JM, Chen H, Shinn P, Palm CJ, Southwick AM, Wu HC, Kim C, Nguyen M, Pham P, Cheuk R, Karlin-Newmann G, Liu SX, Lam B, Sakano H, Wu T, Yu G, Miranda M, Quach HL, Tripp M, Chang CH, Lee JM, Toriumi M, Chan MM, Tang CC, Onodera CS, Deng JM, Akiyama K, Ansari Y, Arakawa T, Banh J, Banno F, Bowser L, Brooks S, Carninci P, Chao Q, Choy N, Enju A, Goldsmith AD, Gurjal M, Hansen NF, Hayashizaki Y, Johnson-Hopson C, Hsuan VW, Iida K, Karnes M, Khan S, Koesema E, Ishida J, Jiang PX, Jones T, Kawai J, Kamiya A, Meyers C, Nakajima M, Narusaka M, Seki M, Sakurai T, Satou M, Tamse R, Vaysberg M, Wallender EK, Wong C, Yamamura Y, Yuan S, Shinozaki K, Davis RW, Theologis A, Ecker JR. Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842–6. doi: 10.1126/science.1088305. PMID: 14593172.; Sinclair SJ, Murphy KJ, Birch CD, Hamill JD. Molecular characterization of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRtase) in Nicotiana. Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Nov;44(5):603–17. doi: 10.1023/a:1026590521318. PMID: 11198422.; Mann DF, Byerrum RU. Quinolinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase from Castor Bean Endosperm. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1974 Nov;249(21):6817–23. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42131-5.

Metabolites

CO2

Formula: CO2 (43.98983)

CAS ID: 124-38-9

Diphosphate

Formula: H4P2O7 (177.9432294)

CAS ID: 2466-09-3

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Hydrogen peroxide

Formula: H2O2 (34.0054792)

CAS ID: 7722-84-1

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

iminoaspartate

Formula: C4H3NO4 (129.0062078)

CAS ID:

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:

NAD(1-)

Formula: C21H26N7O14P2 (662.1012936000001)

CAS ID: 53-84-9



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.4.3.16 L-aspartate oxidase L-aspartate:oxygen oxidoreductase
2.4.2.19 nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) nicotinate-D-ribonucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (carboxylating)
2.5.1.72 quinolinate synthase glycerone phosphate:iminosuccinate alkyltransferase (cyclizing)
6.3.5.1 NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) deamido-NAD+:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name