starch degradation II

Zeeman SC, Kossmann J, Smith AM. Starch: Its Metabolism, Evolution, and Biotechnological Modification in Plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2010 Jun 02;61(1):209–34. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112301.; Hejazi M, Fettke J, Kötting O, Zeeman SC, Steup M. The Laforin-like dual-specificity phosphatase SEX4 from Arabidopsis hydrolyzes both C6- and C3-phosphate esters introduced by starch-related dikinases and thereby affects phase transition of alpha-glucans. Plant Physiol. 2010 Feb;152(2):711–22. PMID: 20018599; PMCID: PMC2815871.; Fettke J, Hejazi M, Smirnova J, Höchel E, Stage M, Steup M. Eukaryotic starch degradation: integration of plastidial and cytosolic pathways. J Exp Bot. 2009;60(10):2907–22. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp054. PMID: 19325165.; Ko¨tting O, Santelia D, Edner C, Eicke S, Marthaler T, Gentry MS, Comparot-Moss S, Chen J, Smith AM, Steup M, Ritte G, Zeeman SC. STARCH-EXCESS4 Is a Laforin-Like Phosphoglucan Phosphatase Required for Starch Degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana . 2009 Jan 13;21(1):334–46. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.064360.; Wattebled F, Planchot V, Dong Y, Szydlowski N, Pontoire B, Devin A, Ball S, D'Hulst C. Further evidence for the mandatory nature of polysaccharide debranching for the aggregation of semicrystalline starch and for overlapping functions of debranching enzymes in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Physiol. 2008 Nov;148(3):1309–23. PMID: 18815382; PMCID: PMC2577247.; Hejazi M, Fettke J, Haebel S, Edner C, Paris O, Frohberg C, Steup M, Ritte G. Glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates crystalline maltodextrins and thereby initiates solubilization. Plant J. 2008 Jul;55(2):323–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03513.x. PMID: 18419779.; Edner C, Li J, Albrecht T, Mahlow S, Hejazi M, Hussain H, Kaplan F, Guy C, Smith SM, Steup M, Ritte G. Glucan, water dikinase activity stimulates breakdown of starch granules by plastidial beta-amylases. Plant Physiol. 2007 Sep;145(1):17–28. PMID: 17631522; PMCID: PMC1976587.; Rook F, Bevan MW. Genetic approaches to understanding sugar-response pathways. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2003 Jan 03;54(382):495–501. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erg054.; Smith AM, Zeeman SC, Thorneycroft D, Smith SM. Starch mobilization in leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2003 Jan 03;54(382):577–83. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erg036.; Critchley JH, Zeeman SC, Takaha T, Smith AM, Smith SM. A critical role for disproportionating enzyme in starch breakdown is revealed by a knock-out mutation in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal. 2001 Apr;26(1):89–100. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01012.x.; Kossmann J, Lloyd J. Understanding and influencing starch biochemistry. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2000;35(3):141–96. PMID: 10907795.; Lao NT, Schoneveld O, Mould RM, Hibberd JM, Gray JC, Kavanagh TA. An Arabidopsis gene encoding a chloroplast-targeted beta-amylase. Plant J. 1999 Dec;20(5):519–27. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00625.x. PMID: 10652124.; Zeeman SC, Umemoto T, Lue WL, Au-Yeung P, Martin C, Smith AM, Chen J. A mutant of Arabidopsis lacking a chloroplastic isoamylase accumulates both starch and phytoglycogen. Plant Cell. 1998 Oct;10(10):1699–712. PMID: 9761796; PMCID: PMC144351.; Zeeman SC, Northrop F, Smith AM, Rees TA. A starch-accumulating mutant ofArabidopsis thalianadeficient in a chloroplastic starch-hydrolysing enzyme. The Plant Journal. 1998 Aug;15(3):357–65. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00213.x.

Metabolites

beta-Maltose

Formula: C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)

CAS ID: 133-99-3

D-Glucose

Formula: C6H12O6 (180.0633852)

CAS ID: 50-99-7

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Maltotriose

Formula: C18H32O16 (504.1690272)

CAS ID: 1109-28-0

Amylopectin

Formula: C30H52O26 (828.2746692000001)

CAS ID: 9037-22-3

ATP(4-)

Formula: C10H12N5O13P3 (502.9644492)

CAS ID:



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
3.1.3.-
2.4.1.25 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase
2.7.9.4 alpha-glucan, water dikinase ATP:alpha-glucan, water phosphotransferase
2.7.9.5 phosphoglucan, water dikinase ATP:phospho-alpha-glucan, water phosphotransferase
3.2.1.2 beta-amylase 4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase
3.2.1.68 isoamylase glycogen 6-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name