ursolate biosynthesis

Huang L, Li J, Ye H, Li C, Wang H, Liu B, Zhang Y. Molecular characterization of the pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Planta. 2012 Nov;236(5):1571–81. doi: 10.1007/s00425-012-1712-0. PMID: 22837051.; Shih W, Yu F, Chang C, Liao M, Wu H, Lin P. Suppression of AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenic activities by ursolic acid in cultured hepatoma cells and in a mouse model. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 2012 Apr 30;52(10):800–12. doi: 10.1002/mc.21919.; Yoo KY, Park SY. Terpenoids as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Molecules. 2012 Mar 19;17(3):3524–38. PMID: 22430119; PMCID: PMC6268347.; Shanmugam MK, Ong TH, Kumar AP, Lun CK, Ho PC, Wong PTH, Hui KM, Sethi G. Ursolic Acid Inhibits the Initiation, Progression of Prostate Cancer and Prolongs the Survival of TRAMP Mice by Modulating Pro-Inflammatory Pathways. PLoS ONE. 2012 Mar 12;7(3):e32476. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032476.; Seki H, Sawai S, Ohyama K, Mizutani M, Ohnishi T, Sudo H, Fukushima EO, Akashi T, Aoki T, Saito K, Muranaka T. Triterpene functional genomics in licorice for identification of CYP72A154 involved in the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin. Plant Cell. 2011 Nov;23(11):4112–23. PMID: 22128119; PMCID: PMC3246328.; Fukushima EO, Seki H, Ohyama K, Ono E, Umemoto N, Mizutani M, Saito K, Muranaka T. CYP716A subfamily members are multifunctional oxidases in triterpenoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell Physiol. 2011 Dec;52(12):2050–61. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcr146. PMID: 22039103.; Fulda S, Kroemer G. Targeting mitochondrial apoptosis by betulinic acid in human cancers. Drug Discov Today. 2009 Sep;14(17-18):885–90. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.015. PMID: 19520182.; Fontanay S, Grare M, Mayer J, Finance C, Duval RE. Ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic acids: antibacterial spectra and selectivity indexes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Nov 20;120(2):272–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.001. PMID: 18835348.; Seki H, Ohyama K, Sawai S, Mizutani M, Ohnishi T, Sudo H, Akashi T, Aoki T, Saito K, Muranaka T. Licorice beta-amyrin 11-oxidase, a cytochrome P450 with a key role in the biosynthesis of the triterpene sweetener glycyrrhizin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 16;105(37):14204–9. PMID: 18779566; PMCID: PMC2532699.; Murata J, Roepke J, Gordon H, De Luca V. The leaf epidermome of Catharanthus roseus reveals its biochemical specialization. Plant Cell. 2008 Mar;20(3):524–42. PMID: 18326827; PMCID: PMC2329939.

Metabolites

alpha-Amyrin

Formula: C30H50O (426.386145)

CAS ID: 638-95-9

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Ursolic acid

Formula: C30H48O3 (456.36032579999994)

CAS ID: 77-52-1

Uvaol

Formula: C30H50O2 (442.38106)

CAS ID: 545-46-0



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note


Proteins

Protein ID name full name