Insulin processing

Rutter GA, Hill EV. Insulin vesicle release: walk, kiss, pause ... then run. Physiology (Bethesda). 2006 Jun;21():189–96. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2006. PMID: 16714477.; Poitout V, Hagman D, Stein R, Artner I, Robertson RP, Harmon JS. Regulation of the Insulin Gene by Glucose and Fatty Acids. The Journal of Nutrition. 2006 Apr;136(4):873–6. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.4.873.; Gerber SH, Südhof TC. Molecular determinants of regulated exocytosis. Diabetes. 2002 Feb;51 Suppl 1():S3–11. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s3. PMID: 11815450.; Bratanova-Tochkova TK, Cheng H, Daniel S, Gunawardana S, Liu YJ, Mulvaney-Musa J, Schermerhorn T, Straub SG, Yajima H, Sharp GW. Triggering and augmentation mechanisms, granule pools, and biphasic insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2002 Feb;51 Suppl 1():S83–90. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s83. PMID: 11815463.; Dodson G, Steiner D. The role of assembly in insulin's biosynthesis. Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 1998 Apr;8(2):189–94. doi: 10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80037-7.

Metabolites

Calcium cation

Formula: Ca (39.962591)

CAS ID: 14127-61-8

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Hydrogen peroxide

Formula: H2O2 (34.0054792)

CAS ID: 7722-84-1

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

Zinc cation

Formula: Zn (63.929145)

CAS ID: 23713-49-7

L-argininium(1+)

Formula: C6H15N4O2 (175.119495)

CAS ID: 17806-42-7

L-lysinium(1+)

Formula: C6H15N2O2 (147.113347)

CAS ID: 56-87-1



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.8.3.2 thiol oxidase thiol:oxygen oxidoreductase
3.4.17.10 carboxypeptidase E
3.4.21.93 Proprotein convertase 1
3.4.21.94 proprotein convertase 2
3.6.5.2 small monomeric GTPase GTP phosphohydrolase (cell-regulating)
5.3.4.1 protein disulfide-isomerase Protein disulfide-isomerase


Proteins

Protein ID name full name