leucopelargonidin and leucocyanidin biosynthesis

Johnson ET, Berhow MA, Dowd PF. Constitutive Expression of the Maize Genes B1 and C1 in Transgenic Hi II Maize Results in Differential Tissue Pigmentation and Generates Resistance to Helicoverpa zea. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010 Jan 28;58(4):2403–9. doi: 10.1021/jf903423g.; Dixon RA, Xie DY, Sharma SB. Proanthocyanidins--a final frontier in flavonoid research? New Phytol. 2005 Jan;165(1):9–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01217.x. PMID: 15720617.; Springob K, Nakajima J, Yamazaki M, Saito K. Recent advances in the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins. Nat Prod Rep. 2003 Jun;20(3):288–303. doi: 10.1039/b109542k. PMID: 12828368.; Martens S, Teeri T, Forkmann G. Heterologous expression of dihydroflavonol 4-reductases from various plants. FEBS Lett. 2002 Nov 20;531(3):453–8. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03583-4. PMID: 12435592.; Winkel-Shirley B. Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):485–93. PMID: 11402179; PMCID: PMC1540115.; Forkmann G, Martens S. Metabolic engineering and applications of flavonoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2001 Apr;12(2):155–60. doi: 10.1016/s0958-1669(00)00192-0. PMID: 11287230.; Schoenbohm C, Martens S, Eder C, Forkmann G, Weisshaar B. Identification of the Arabidopsis thaliana flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene and functional expression of the encoded P450 enzyme. Biol Chem. 2000 Aug;381(8):749–53. doi: 10.1515/bc.2000.095. PMID: 11030432.; Burbulis IE, Winkel-Shirley B. Interactions among enzymes of the Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12929–34. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12929.; Brugliera F, Barri-Rewell G, Holton TA, Mason JG. Isolation and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase cDNA clone corresponding to the Ht1 locus of Petunia hybrida. Plant J. 1999 Aug;19(4):441–51. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00539.x. PMID: 10504566.; Pelletier MK, Shirley BW. Analysis of flavanone 3-hydroxylase in Arabidopsis seedlings. Coordinate regulation with chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase. Plant Physiol. 1996 May;111(1):339–45. PMID: 8685272; PMCID: PMC157841.; Britsch L, Dedio J, Saedler H, Forkmann G. Molecular characterization of flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylases. Consensus sequence, comparison with related enzymes and the role of conserved histidine residues. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Oct 15;217(2):745–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18301.x. PMID: 8223617.

Metabolites

CO2

Formula: CO2 (43.98983)

CAS ID: 124-38-9

Eriodictyol

Formula: C15H12O6 (288.06338519999997)

CAS ID: 552-58-9

H+

Formula: H (1.0078246)

CAS ID: 12408-02-5

H2O

Formula: H2O (18.0105642)

CAS ID: 7732-18-5

Leucocyanidin

Formula: C15H14O7 (306.0739494)

CAS ID: 93527-39-0

Oxygen

Formula: O2 (31.98983)

CAS ID: 7782-44-7

potassium cyanide

Formula: CKN (64.966782)

CAS ID: 151-50-8

2-oxoglutarate(2-)

Formula: C5H4O5 (144.00587339999998)

CAS ID: 64-15-3

succinate(2-)

Formula: C4H4O4 (116.01095839999999)

CAS ID: 56-14-4

NADPH(4-)

Formula: C21H26N7O17P3 (741.0598016)

CAS ID: 53-57-6

NADP(3-)

Formula: C21H25N7O17P3 (740.051977)

CAS ID: 53-59-8

diethyldithiocarbamate

Formula: C5H10NS2 (148.025464)

CAS ID: 392-74-5

Leucopelargonidin

Formula: C15H14O6 (290.0790344)

CAS ID: 520-17-2



Enzyme

EC Number name full name note
1.14.11.9 flavanone 3-dioxygenase (2S)-flavan-4-one,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
1.14.14.82 flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase flavonoid,[reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)


Proteins

Protein ID name full name